A makwaara dị ka dimethylaniline, enweghị agba ka ìhè odo mmanu mmanu mmiri mmiri, na-akpasu iwe isi, na ikuku ma ọ bụ n'okpuru anyanwụ mfe ọxịdashọn ojiji Ze ibu miri emi. Ikwu njupụta (20 ℃ / 4 ℃) 0.9555, kefriza ebe 2.0 ℃, esi ebe 193 ℃, flash ebe (oghere) 77 ℃, mgbanye ebe 317 ℃, viscosity (25℃) 1.528 MPa) 8.5 index (1.528 MPa) · s, 1.5. . Soluble na ethanol, ether, chloroform, benzene na ihe mgbaze organic ndị ọzọ. Nwere ike igbari dị iche iche nke organic ogige. Na-agbaze ntakịrị na mmiri. Ọkụ na-enwu ọkụ, ga-ere ọkụ na ọkụ mepere emepe, uzuoku na ikuku iji mepụta ngwakọta mgbawa, oke mgbawa nke 1.2% ~ 7.0% (vol). Nnukwu toxicity, nnukwu okpomọkụ ire ere nke ntọhapụ nke aniline gas na-egbu egbu. Enwere ike itinye uche ya site na akpụkpọ ahụ na nsị, LD501410mg / kg, ihe kachasị mma na ikuku bụ 5mg / m3.

Ụzọ nchekwa

1. Ihe ndekọ nchekwa [25] Chekwaa n'ụlọ nkwakọba ihe dị jụụ, ikuku ikuku. Wepụ ọkụ na okpomọkụ. Debe akpa akara. Ekwesịrị ịchekwa ya iche site na acid, halogens na kemịkalụ nri, na ekwesịghị ịgwakọta ya. Kwado ụdị dị iche iche na ọnụọgụ ngwa ọgụ ọkụ. Ebe nchekwa ahụ kwesịrị ịkwado ya na akụrụngwa ọgwụgwọ mberede na-agbapụta na ihe nchekwa kwesịrị ekwesị.

2. Akara n'ime igwe igwe, 180kg kwa gbọmgbọm. Chekwaa na ebe dị jụụ na ikuku. Chekwaa ma bugharịa dịka iwu nke ihe na-ere ọkụ na nke na-egbu egbu

Usoro sịntetik

1. Site aniline na methanol na ọnụnọ nke sulfuric acid, site na okpomọkụ dị elu na mmeghachi omume nrụgide dị elu. Usoro eruba: 1. Tinye 790kg nke aniline, 625kg nke methanol na 85kg nke sulfuric acid (100% nke ammonium) na reactor, na-achịkwa okpomọkụ 210-215 ℃ na nrụgide 3.1MPa, meghachi omume maka 4h, wee hapụ nrụgide, Wepu ihe ahụ na onye na-ekewapụ ihe ahụ, wepụ ya na 30% sodium hydroxide, guzoro, ma kewaa nnu ammonium nke dị ala. Mgbe ahụ hydrolysis mmeghachi omume na 160 ℃, 0.7-0.9MPa maka 3h, dapụtara hydrolyzate na elu mmanụ na-ejikọta na mmiri ịsacha na agụụ distillation iji nweta okokụre ngwaahịa.

2, na methanol na aniline dị ka akụrụngwa, n'okpuru ọnọdụ nke oke methanol, ikuku mgbali, 200-250 ℃, site alumina catalyst njikọ. Oke oriri ihe oriri: aniline 790kg/t, methanol 625kg/t, sulfuric acid 85kg/t. Nkwadebe ụlọ nyocha nwere ike meghachi omume aniline na trimethyl phosphate.

3. Ngwakọta aniline na methanol (N aniline: N methanol ≈ 1: 3) na ịgbanye n'ime reactor nke a kwadebere na ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa nke 0.5h-1 site na mgbapụta na-emegharị ihe na-abụghị usu. Ihe mmeghachi omume mmeghachi omume na-ebu ụzọ abanye na iko gas-mmiri ihe nkesa, na mmiri mmiri anakọtara na akụkụ ala nke onye na-ekesa na-ewepụ ya mgbe niile maka nyocha chromatographic.

4. Na 2001, Nankai University na Tianjin Ruikai Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd jikọrọ aka mepụtara a ukwuu oru oma aniline methylation catalyst ịghọta gas frasi njikọ nke N, N-dimethylaniline. Usoro a bụ nke a: Mgbe a gwakọtara aniline mmiri mmiri na methanol n'ogo, a na-eme ya na ụlọ elu vaporization wee banye n'ime reactor tubular nke nwere oghere oghere nke 0.5-1.0h-1 (ihe ndina edozi nke tubular reactor). na-akwado nanometer siri ike catalyst) maka mmepụta na-aga n'ihu na 250-300 ℃ na ikuku ikuku. Mkpụrụ nke DMA karịrị 96%.

Usoro nnụcha: na-enwekarị aniline, N-methyl aniline na adịghị ọcha ndị ọzọ. N'oge nnụcha, N-dimethylaniline na-etisasịwo na 40% sulfuric acid na uzuoku distillation a rụrụ. A na-agbakwunye sodium hydroxide iji mee ka ọ bụrụ isi. Mgbasa uzuoku na-aga n'ihu. A na-ekewa distillate n'ime oyi akwa mmiri ma kpoo ya na potassium hydroxide. Ntugharị na nrụgide ikuku na ọnụnọ acetic anhydride. A na-eji mmiri sachaa ihe ahụ iji wepụ ihe ọ̀tụ̀tụ̀ acetic anhydride, wee kpochaa ya na potassium hydroxide, barium oxide sochiri ya na ngwucha n'ime mmiri nitrogen. Ụzọ nnụcha ndị ọzọ gụnyere ịgbakwunye 10% acetic anhydride na reflux ruo ọtụtụ awa iji wepụ amines nke mbụ na nke abụọ. Mgbe ọ dị jụụ, tinye ihe karịrị 20% hydrochloric acid wee wepụ ya na ether. A na-eme oyi akwa hydrochloric acid alkaline site na ịgbakwunye alkali, wee wepụta ya na ether. A na-eji potassium hydroxide kpochaa oyi akwa ether wee gbanye ya n'okpuru nrụgide n'okpuru nitrogen. N, N-dimethylaniline nwekwara ike gbanwee ka ọ bụrụ picronate, recrystallized ka ọ bụrụ ebe na-agbaze mgbe niile na-ekpo ọkụ 10% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution to decompose picronate. Wepụta ya na ether, saa ya na mmiri ma kpochaa mgbe a na-ekpochapụ agụụ.

5. Aniline, methanol na sulfuric acid na-agwakọta ọnụ na condensed na autoclave. Mgbe enwetara ngwaahịa mmeghachi omume site na enyemaka nrụgide, a na-agbakwunye alkali maka nkwụsịtụ, nkewa, wee nweta ngwaahịa ahụ site na nkwụsịtụ agụụ.

6. Mmeghachi omume methylation nke aniline na trimethyl phosphate nwere ike ịmepụta N, N-dimethylaniline: wee wepụ ya na ether, distillation akọrọ.

7. N, N-dimethylaniline nwere ike ịmepụta site n'ịgbakwunye ngwakọta nke aniline na methanol na nha nke 1∶ 3.5 na akwa catalytic nke Cu-Mn ma ọ bụ Cu-Zn-Cr Ziegler catalyst na 280 ℃. A na-anakọta nsonaazụ N, N-dimethylaniline na ngalaba distillation nke efere 54 n'etiti 193 ruo 195 ℃ wee tinye ya n'ime karama iko aja aja. N'ihi na nkwadebe chromatography dị ọcha N, N-dimethylaniline, nitrogen nwere ike ịbụ na-ebu gas, na nkwadebe gas chromatography na Ben 犅 yaku kọlụm injected na rectification nke N, N-dimethylaniline, site na nkewa na nchịkọta nke isi akụrụngwa ọnụ ọgụgụ dị nta, na mgbe ahụ. n'ime iko ampoule akara nwere ike ịbụ.

Ebumnuche bụ isi

1. Otu n'ime ihe ndị bụ isi maka mmepụta nke nnu isi e ji esiji ákwà (triphenyl methane dyes, wdg) na isi e ji esiji ákwà, ndị isi iche bụ alkaline na-egbuke egbuke edo edo, alkaline-acha odo odo 5GN, alkaline green, alkaline ọdọ-acha anụnụ anụnụ, amamiihe red 5GN. na-egbuke egbuke-acha anụnụ anụnụ, wdg N, N-dimethylaniline na ụlọ ọrụ ọgwụ maka mmepụta nke cephalosporin V, sulfamilamide B-methoxymidine, sulfamilamide dimethoxymidine, fluorouracil, wdg, na ụlọ ọrụ na-esi ísì ụtọ maka mmepụta nke vanillin, wdg 2. A na-eji ya dị ka ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ. ihe mgbaze, metal preservative, ọgwụgwọ gị n'ụlọnga nke epoxy resin, ọgwụgwọ accelerator nke polyester resin, catalyst maka polymerization nke ethylene ogige, wdg. A na-ejikwa ya na nkwadebe nke isi triphenyl methane e ji esiji ákwà, azo esiji na vanillin. 3. A na-eji ngwaahịa a eme ihe dị ka ihe na-akpali akpali maka ịmepụta polyurethane foam plastics na organic tin ogige. A na-ejikwa ya dị ka ihe osooso vulcanization rọba, ihe mgbawa, akụrụngwa ọgwụ. Ọ bụ otu n'ime ihe ndị bụ isi maka mmepụta ihe eji esiji agba agba (triphenyl methane dyes, wdg) na isi awọ. Ndị isi dị iche iche bụ isi na-acha odo odo, isi odo odo BN, isi akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ, isi ọdọ na-acha anụnụ anụnụ, 5GN na-acha uhie uhie na-acha anụnụ anụnụ, wdg N, N-dimethylaniline na ụlọ ọrụ ọgwụ maka imepụta cephalosporin V, sulfamilamide N-methoxymidine, sulfamilamide. - dimethoxymidine, fluorouracil, wdg, na ụlọ ọrụ na-esi ísì ụtọ maka imepụta vanillin, wdg 4. A na-eji ya mee ihe dị ka ihe na-eme ka accelerator nke epoxy resin, polyester resin na anaerobic adhesive, nke mere na adhesive anaerobic nwere ike gwọọ ngwa ngwa. A pụkwara iji ya mee ihe dị ka ihe mgbaze, ihe na-eme ka polymerization nke ogige ethylene, ihe nchekwa ígwè, ihe mkpuchi ultraviolet maka ịchọ mma, ọkụ sensitizer, wdg. esiji agba soluble na ngwa nri (vanillin) na akụrụngwa ndị ọzọ. 5. Reagent eji maka photometric mkpebi nke nitrite. A na-ejikwa ya dị ka ihe mgbaze yana na njikọ organic. 6. Eji dị ka agba agba etiti, ihe mgbaze, stabilizer, analytical reagent.