A makwaara ya dị ka dimethylaniline, mmiri mmanụ na-enweghị agba ruo odo odo dị nro, isi na-akpasu iwe, n'ikuku ma ọ bụ n'okpuru anyanwụ, ọ na-eji Ze eme ihe nke ọma. Njupụta dị n'etiti (20℃/4℃) 0.9555, ebe oyi na-atụ 2.0℃, ebe esi mmiri 193℃, ebe ọkụ (mmepe) 77℃, ebe ọkụ na-agbaze 317℃, viscosity (25℃) 1.528 MPa ·s, refractive index (N20D) 1.5584. Na-agbaze na ethanol, ether, chloroform, benzene na ihe ndị ọzọ na-agbaze organic. Nwere ike ịgbaze ọtụtụ ihe ndị dị n'ime organic. Na-agbaze ntakịrị na mmiri. Na-ere ọkụ, ga-ere ọkụ n'ọkụ mepere emepe, uzuoku na ikuku iji mepụta ngwakọta mgbawa, oke mgbawa nke 1.2% ~ 7.0% (vol). Nnukwu nsí, oke okpomọkụ dị elu nke ntọhapụ nke gas aniline na-egbu egbu. Enwere ike ịmịnye ya n'ime akpụkpọ ahụ ma na-egbu egbu, LD501410mg/kg, oke ntinye ikuku a na-anabata bụ 5mg/m3.

Ụzọ nchekwa

1. Ihe Ndị E Dere Banyere Nchekwa [25] Debe n'ụlọ nkwakọba ihe dị jụụ ma nwee ikuku. Debe ya ebe ọkụ na okpomọkụ na-agaghị eru. Debe akpa ahụ n'ime ya. A ga-echekwa ya iche na asịd, halogen na kemịkalụ nri, ekwesighi ịgwakọta ya. Debe ya na ụdị na ọnụọgụ nke ngwa ọgụ ọkụ kwekọrọ. Ebe nchekwa ahụ kwesịrị inwe ngwa ọgwụgwọ mberede na ihe nchekwa kwesịrị ekwesị.

2. E ji drum ígwè mechie ya, kilogram 180 kwa gbọmgbọm. Debe ya n'ebe dị jụụ ma ikuku na-abata. Debe ya ma bufee ya dịka iwu si dị maka ihe ndị na-ere ọkụ na ndị na-egbu egbu.

Usoro sịntetik

1. Site na aniline na methanol n'ihu sulfuric acid, site na okpomọkụ dị elu na mmeghachi omume nrụgide dị elu. Usoro nhazi: 1. Tinye 790kg nke aniline, 625kg nke methanol na 85kg nke sulfuric acid (100% nke ammonium) na reactor, chịkwaa okpomọkụ 210-215℃ na nrụgide 3.1MPa, meghachi omume maka awa 4, wee hapụ nrụgide ahụ, wepụ ihe ahụ na ihe na-ekewapụ ya, wepụ ya na 30% sodium hydroxide, guzoro, ma kewaa nnu ammonium quaternary dị ala. Mgbe ahụ, mmeghachi omume hydrolysis na 160℃, 0.7-0.9MPa maka awa 3, e jikọtara hydrolysate na mmanụ dị n'elu ya na ịsa mmiri na mwepụ vacuum iji nweta ngwaahịa emechara.

2, ya na methanol na aniline dị ka ihe eji emepụta ihe, n'okpuru oke methanol, nrụgide ikuku, 200-250℃, site na njikọta ihe na-akpali alumina. Oke oriri ihe eji emepụta ihe: aniline 790kg/t, methanol 625kg/t, sulfuric acid 85kg/t. Nkwadebe ụlọ nyocha nwere ike imeghachi aniline na trimethyl phosphate.

3. Agwakọta aniline na methanol (N aniline: N methanol ≈ 1:3) ma gbanye ya n'ime reactor nke nwere ihe na-akpali akpali na ọsọ oghere nke 0.5h-1 site na mgbapụta nhagharị na-abụghị nke pulse. Ihe na-esi na mmeghachi omume ahụ apụta na-abanye na ihe na-ekewa gas-liquid iko, a na-ewepụkwa mmiri mmiri a na-anakọta na ala nke ihe na-ekewapụ mgbe niile maka nyocha chromatographic.

4. Na 2001, Mahadum Nankai na Tianjin Ruikai Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd jikọrọ aka mepụta ihe na-akpali methylation aniline dị irè nke ukwuu iji mezuo njikọ gas nke N, N-dimethylaniline. Usoro a bụ nke a: Mgbe agwakọtara aniline mmiri mmiri na methanol dịka ọ dị, a na-agbaze ya n'ime ụlọ elu vaporization wee banye n'ime ihe na-akpali tubular nke nwere ọsọ oghere nke 0.5-1.0h-1 (akwa edobere nke ihe na-akpali nanometer siri ike nke ihe na-akpali akpali) maka mmepụta na-aga n'ihu na 250-300℃ na nrụgide ikuku. Mkpụrụ nke DMA karịrị 96%.

Usoro nhazi: ọtụtụ mgbe ọ na-enwe aniline, N-methyl aniline na ihe ndị ọzọ na-adịghị ọcha. N'oge nhazi,N, a na-agbaze N-dimethylaniline na 40% sulfuric acid ma na-eme mwepụ uzuoku. A na-agbakwunye sodium hydroxide iji mee ka ọ dị mfe. Mgbasa uzuoku ahụ na-aga n'ihu. A na-ekewapụ distillate ahụ n'ime oyi akwa mmiri ma jiri potassium hydroxide kpọọ nkụ. Mgbasa uzuoku na nrụgide ikuku n'ihu acetic anhydride. A na-asa distillate ahụ na mmiri iji wepụ obere acetic anhydride, wee kpọọ nkụ na potassium hydroxide, wee soro barium oxide na mgbapụta nkewa na iyi nitrogen. Ụzọ ndị ọzọ a na-eme nhazi gụnyere ịgbakwunye 10% acetic anhydride na reflux ruo ọtụtụ awa iji wepụ amine mbụ na nke abụọ. Mgbe ọ jụrụ oyi, tinye 20% hydrochloric acid gafere ma wepụ ya na ether. Ejiri alkali tinye ya, wee wepụta ya na ether. Ejiri potassium hydroxide kpọọ oyi akwa ether wee gbanye ya n'okpuru nrụgide n'okpuru nitrogen. Enwere ike ịgbanwe N, N-dimethylaniline ka ọ bụrụ picronate, gbanwee ya ka ọ bụrụ ebe na-agbaze mgbe niile site na iji mmiri sodium hydroxide dị ọkụ nke 10% iji gbazee picronate. Wepụta ya na ether, saa ya na mmiri ma kpọọ nkụ mgbe emechara nhicha ahụ.

5. A na-agwakọta Aniline, methanol na sulfuric acid n'ogo ma chịkọta ha n'ime autoclave. Mgbe e weghachitere ngwaahịa mmeghachi omume ahụ site na enyemaka nrụgide, a na-agbakwunye alkali maka nkwụsịtụ, nkewa, wee nweta ngwaahịa ahụ site na nkwụsịtụ vacuum.

6. Mmeghachi omume methylation nke aniline na trimethyl phosphate nwere ike imepụta N, N-dimethylaniline: emesịa wepụta ya na ether, akọrọ distillation.

7. Enwere ike ijikọta N, N-dimethylaniline site na itinye ngwakọta aniline na methanol na oke nke 1∶ 3.5 na akwa catalytic nke Cu-Mn ma ọ bụ Cu-Zn-Cr Ziegler catalyst na 280℃. A na-anakọta N, N-dimethylaniline nke sitere na ya na nkeji distillation nke efere 54 n'etiti 193 ruo 195℃ ma tinye ya n'ime karama iko aja aja. Maka nkwadebe, chromatography dị ọcha N, N-dimethylaniline, nitrogen nwere ike ịbụ gas na-ebu, na nkwadebe gas chromatography na kọlụm Ben 犅 yaku gbanyere ndozi nke N, N-dimethylaniline, site na nkewa na nchịkọta nke akụkụ kachasị elu nke ihe mejupụtara, wee banye na akara ampoule iko.

Isi ihe mere e ji mee ya

1. Otu n'ime ihe ndị bụ isi maka imepụta agba nnu (triphenyl methane tee agba, wdg) na agba ndị bụ isi, ụdị ndị bụ isi bụ odo alkaline na-egbuke egbuke, odo alkaline na-acha odo odo 5GN, akwụkwọ ndụ alkaline, odo alkaline lake, 5GN na-egbuke egbuke, acha anụnụ anụnụ, wdg. N, N-dimethylaniline na ụlọ ọrụ ọgwụ maka imepụta cephalosporin V, sulfamilamide B-methoxymidine, sulfamilamide dimethoxymidine, fluorouracil, wdg, na ụlọ ọrụ ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ maka imepụta vanillin, wdg. 2. Ejiri ya dị ka ihe mgbaze, ihe nchekwa ígwè, ihe na-agwọ ọrịa nke epoxy resin, ihe na-agwọ ọrịa nke resin polyester, ihe na-akpali akpali maka polymerization nke ogige ethylene, wdg. A na-ejikwa ya na nkwadebe nke agba triphenyl methane bụ isi, agba azo na vanillin. 3. A na-eji ngwaahịa a dị ka ihe na-akpali akpali maka ime plastik ụfụfụ polyurethane nwere ngwakọta tin organic. A na-ejikwa ya dị ka ihe na-eme ka roba vulcanization ngwa ngwa, ihe mgbawa, ihe ndị e ji emepụta ọgwụ. Ọ bụ otu n'ime ihe ndị bụ isi maka imepụta agba ndị dabeere na ntọala (triphenyl methane colors, wdg) na agba ndị bụ isi. Ụdị ndị bụ isi bụ odo na-egbuke egbuke, basic purple BN, basic green, basic lake blue, brilliant red 5GN, brilliant blue, wdg. N, N-dimethylaniline na ụlọ ọrụ ọgwụ maka imepụta cephalosporin V, sulfamilamide N-methoxymidine, sulfamilamide - dimethoxymidine, fluorouracil, wdg., na ụlọ ọrụ ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ maka imepụta vanillin, wdg. 4. Ejiri ya dị ka ihe na-eme ka ihe na-eme ka epoxy resin, polyester resin na anaerobic gluu dị ngwa ngwa, ka e wee nwee ike ịgwọ anaerobic gluu ngwa ngwa. Enwere ike iji ya dị ka ihe mgbaze, ihe na-akpali akpali maka polymerization nke ethylene compounds, ihe nchekwa ígwè, ihe na-amịkọrọ ultraviolet maka ihe ịchọ mma, ihe na-eme ka ìhè dịkwuo mma, wdg. A na-ejikwa ya na imepụta agba ndị bụ isi, agba ndị gbasaa, agba acid, agba mmanụ na-agbaze na ngwa nri (vanillin) na ihe ndị ọzọ. 5. A na-eji ihe na-eme ka a na-ahụ maka reagent eme ihe maka ikpebi fotometric nke nitrite. A na-ejikwa ya dị ka ihe na-agbaze ma na-eme ihe na organic. 6. A na-eji ya dị ka ihe na-agba agba, ihe na-agbaze, ihe na-eme ka ọ kwụsie ike, ihe na-eme ka ọ kwụsie ike, ihe na-eme ka a na-enyocha ihe.