1,3-Dichlorobenzene bụ mmiri mmiri na-enweghị agba nke nwere isi ísì. Na-adịghị edozi na mmiri, soluble na mmanya na ether. Na-egbu egbu na ahụ mmadụ, na-akpasu anya na akpụkpọ ahụ. Ọ na-ere ọkụ ma nwee ike nweta mmeghachi omume chlorination, nitration, sulfonation na hydrolysis. Ọ na-emeghachi omume ike na aluminom ma jiri ya mee ihe na njikọ organic.

1. Njirimara: mmiri mmiri na-enweghị agba na isi ísì.
2. Ebe mgbaze (℃): -24.8
3. Ebe isi mmiri (℃): 173
4. Njupụta nke ikwu (mmiri = 1): 1.29
5. Ikuku uzuoku njupụta (ikuku=1): 5.08
6. Nrụgide ikuku juru (kPa): 0.13 (12.1 ℃)
7. Okpomọkụ nke combustion (kJ / mol): -2952.9
8. Ọnọdụ okpomọkụ (℃): 415.3
9. Mmetụta dị egwu (MPa): 4.86
10. Octanol/mmiri nkebi ọnụọgụgụ: 3.53
11. Ebe Flash (℃): 72
12. Igwe ọkụ ọkụ (℃): 647
13. Oke mgbawa elu (%): 7.8
14. Oke mgbawa ala (%): 1.8
15. Solubility: adịghị ike na mmiri, soluble na ethanol na ether, na mfe soluble na acetone.
16. Viscosity (mPa·s, 23.3ºC): 1.0450
17. Ebe mgbanye ọkụ (ºC): 648
18. Okpomọkụ nke evaporation (KJ/mol, bp): 38.64
19. Okpomọkụ nke nhazi (KJ / mol, 25ºC, mmiri mmiri): 20.47
20. Okpomọkụ nke combustion (KJ/mol, 25ºC, mmiri mmiri): 2957.72
21. Specific okpomọkụ ikike (KJ/ (kg·K), 0ºC, mmiri mmiri): 1.13
22. Solubility (%, mmiri, 20ºC): 0.0111
23. Njupụta nke ikwu (25 ℃, 4℃): 1.2828
24. Nkịtị okpomọkụ refractive index (n25): 1.5434
25. Oke solubility (J·cm-3) 0.5: 19.574
26. Van der Waals mpaghara (cm2 · mol-1): 8.220 × 109
27. Van der Waals olu (cm3 · mol-1): 87.300
28. Usoro mmiri mmiri na-ekwu na okpomọkụ (enthalpy) (kJ·mol-1): -20.7
29. Liquid frasi ọkọlọtọ ọkụ gbazee (J·mol-1·K-1): 170.9
30. Usoro gas na-ekwu na okpomọkụ (enthalpy) (kJ·mol-1): 25.7
31. Standard entropy nke gas na-adọ (J·mol-1·K-1): 343.64
32. Standard free ike nke e guzobere na gas na-adọ (kJ·mol-1): 78.0
33. Gas na-adọ ọkọlọtọ ọkụ gbazee (J·mol-1·K-1): 113.90

Usoro nchekwa
Akpachara anya maka nchekwa [Chekwaa n'ụlọ nkwakọba ihe dị jụụ, ikuku ikuku. Wepụ ọkụ na isi mmalite okpomọkụ. Debe akpa ahụ nke ọma. Ekwesịrị ịchekwa ya iche site na oxidants, aluminom, na kemịkalụ oriri, ma zere nchekwa agwakọta. Ejiri ụdị dị iche iche kwesịrị ekwesị na ọnụọgụ ngwa ọkụ. Ebe nchekwa ahụ kwesịrị ịbụ ihe akụrụngwa ọgwụgwọ mberede na-agbapụta na ihe nchekwa kwesịrị ekwesị.

Kpebie mkpebi:

Ụzọ nkwadebe bụ ndị a. Iji chlorobenzene dị ka akụrụngwa maka chlorination ọzọ, a na-enweta p-dichlorobenzene, o-dichlorobenzene na m-dichlorobenzene. Usoro nkewa n'ozuzu na-eji dichlorobenzene agwakọta maka distillation na-aga n'ihu. A na-agbaze para- na meta-dichlorobenzene site n'elu ụlọ elu ahụ, p-dichlorobenzene na-ebuli ya site na oyi na kristal, na-edozizi mmanya nke nne iji nweta meta-dichlorobenzene. O-dichlorobenzene na-agbanye ọkụ n'ime ụlọ elu ọkụ iji nweta o-dichlorobenzene. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, dichlorobenzene agwakọta na-anabata usoro nke mgbasa ozi na nkewa, na-eji sieve molecular dị ka ihe na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-emepụta gas, na-abanye n'ime ụlọ elu adsorption, nke nwere ike ịhọrọ adsorb p-dichlorobenzene, na mmiri fọdụrụnụ bụ meta na ortho dichlorobenzene. Ndozi iji nweta m-dichlorobenzene na o-dichlorobenzene. Okpomọkụ adsorption bụ 180-200 Celsius C, na nrụgide mgbasa ozi bụ nrụgide nkịtị.

1. Meta-phenylenediamine usoro diazotization: Meta-phenylenediamine bụ diazotized na ọnụnọ sodium nitrite na sulfuric acid, diazotization okpomọkụ bụ 0℃, na diazonium mmiri mmiri na-hydrolyzed na ọnụnọ nke cuprous chloride na-emepụta intercalation. Dichlorobenzene.

2. Usoro Meta-chloroaniline: Iji meta-chloroaniline dị ka akụrụngwa, a na-eme diazotization na ọnụnọ sodium nitrite na hydrochloric acid, na mmiri diazonium na-agbanye n'ihu chloride cuprous iji mepụta meta-dichlorobenzene.

N'ime ọtụtụ ụzọ nkwadebe ndị dị n'elu, usoro kachasị mma maka mmepụta ihe na ọnụ ala dị ala bụ usoro nkewa nke mgbasa ozi nke ngwakọta dichlorobenzene. Enweelarị ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na China maka mmepụta.

Ebumnuche bụ isi:

1. Eji na organic njikọ. Mmeghachi omume Friedel-Crafts n'etiti m-dichlorobenzene na chloroacetyl chloride na-ewepụta 2,4,ω-trichloroacetophenone, nke a na-eji dị ka ihe etiti maka ọgwụ nje antifungal sara mbara nke miconazole. A na-eme mmeghachi omume chlorination na ọnụnọ nke ferric chloride ma ọ bụ aluminom mercury, na-emepụta 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene. N'ebe onye na-emepụta ihe, a na-agbanye ya na 550-850 ° C iji mepụta m-chlorophenol na resorcinol. N'iji ọla kọpa oxide dị ka ihe na-akpali akpali, ọ na-emeghachi omume na amonia gbanyere mkpọrọgwụ na 150-200 Celsius n'okpuru nrụgide iji mepụta m-phenylenediamine.
2. A na-eji na-emepụta ihe na-esiji esiji, organic synthesis intermediates na solvents.

Data toxicological:

1. Nnukwu toxicity: òké intraperitoneal LD50: 1062mg / kg, enweghị nkọwa ma e wezụga maka igbu egbu;

2. Multi-dose toxicity data: oke ọnụ TDLo: 1470 mg / kg / 10D-I, imeju imeju imeju mgbanwe, ngụkọta nri metabolism, calcium-enzyme inhibition, butere mgbanwe ma ọ bụ mgbanwe na ọbara ma ọ bụ anụ ahụ larịị-phosphatase;

Rat oral TDLo: 3330mg/kg/90D-I, endocrine mgbanwe, mgbanwe na ọbara-serum components (dị ka tii polyphenols, bilirubin, cholesterol), biochemical-enzyme mgbochi, na-akpali ma ọ bụ na-agbanwe ọbara ma ọ bụ anụ ahụ ọkwa-dehydrogenation Enzyme mgbanwe

3. Data mutagenicity: ntụgharị mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na mitosis recombination Usoro ule: Yist-Saccharomyces cerevisiae: 5ppm;

Nnwale Micronucleus IntraperitonealTEST Sistemu: òké-oke: 175mg/kg/24H.

4. Nsi dị ntakịrị ala karịa nke o-dichlorobenzene, ọ pụkwara ịbanye na akpụkpọ ahụ na akpụkpọ anụ mucous. Nwere ike imebi imeju na akụrụ. Ọnụ ọgụgụ isi nke olfactory bụ 0.2mg / L (mma mmiri).

5. Nnukwu toxicity LD50: 1062mg / kg (mouse intravenous); 1062mg / n'arọ (oghere nke eriri afọ)

6. Iwe enweghị ozi

7. Mgbanwe mkpụrụ ndụ mutagenic na nchikota mitotic: Saccharomyces cerevisiae 5ppm. Nnwale micronucleus: nchịkwa intraperitoneal nke 175mg / kg (24h) na ụmụ oke.

8. Carcinogenicity IARC carcinogenicity nyochaa: Group 3, ihe àmà dị adị enweghị ike ịkewa carcinogenicity mmadụ.