Ihe na-ewepụ agba/ihe na-ewepụ agba

 Ihe na-ewepụ agba/ihe na-ewepụ agba

Atụmatụ:

l Ihe na-ewepụ agba gburugburu ebe obibi

l Enweghị nchara, jiri nchekwa ma rụọ ọrụ ngwa ngwa

l Anaghị enwe acid, benzene na ihe ndị ọzọ na-emerụ ahụ

l Enwere ike iji ya ọzọ site na ihicha ihe nkiri agba na agba slag na ngwọta

l Nwere ike iwepụ agba phenolic resin, acrylic, epoxy, polyurethane finishing agba na agba mbụ ngwa ngwa

 

Usoro ngwa:

l Ọdịdị: Mmiri mmiri doro anya na-enweghị agba ruo na aja aja na-acha aja aja

l Ụzọ ọgwụgwọ: Ịbanye

l Oge ọgwụgwọ: 1-15min

l Ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ: 15-35℃

l Mgbe ọgwụgwọ gasịrị: Jiri mmiri nrụgide dị elu sachaa ihe nkiri agba fọdụrụnụ

Rịba ama:

1. Ihe Ndị A Na-akpachara Anya

(1) Amachibidoro imetụ ya aka ozugbo n'enweghị ihe nchebe nchekwa;

(2) Yiri uwe aka nchekwa na enyo anya tupu i jiri ya

(3) Debe ya ebe okpomọkụ na ọkụ na-agaghị erute, ma debe ya n'ebe ndò na ikuku na-abata.

2. Usoro enyemaka mbụ

1. Jiri mmiri buru ibu saa ya ozugbo, ọ bụrụ na ọ metụrụ akpụkpọ ahụ na anya. Mgbe ahụ, jụọ maka ndụmọdụ ahụike ozugbo.

2. Ṅụọ ihe dịka pasentị iri nke sodium carbonate mmiri ozugbo, ọ bụrụ na o rie ihe na-ewepụ agba. Jụọ dọkịta ozugbo.

 

Ngwa:

l Carbon ígwè

l Mpempe akwụkwọ galvanized

l Aluminium alloy

l Magnesium alloy

l Ọla kọpa, iko, osisi na plastik wdg

 

Ngwugwu, nchekwa na njem:

l Dị na 200 kg/ gbọmgbọm ma ọ bụ 25 kg/ gbọmgbọm

Oge nchekwa: ~ ọnwa iri na abụọ n'ime akpa mechiri emechi, ebe ndò na ebe kpọrọ nkụ

Ịcha agba na ihe e ji plasticizer mee

Ịcha agba na ihe e ji plasticizer mee

okwu mmeghe

Ugbu a, mmepe nke onye na-agba agba agba na China dị ngwa ngwa, mana enwere nsogbu ụfọdụ, dịka nnukwu nsí, mmetụta nke ịgba agba agba na-adịghị mma na mmetọ dị njọ. Ọ dị oke mma, ọdịnaya teknụzụ dị elu na ngwaahịa bara uru dị ole na ole. N'usoro ịkwadebe onye na-agba agba agba, a na-agbakwụnyekarị wax paraffin, ọ bụ ezie na ọ nwere ike igbochi ihe mgbaze ahụ ịgbaze ngwa ngwa, mana mgbe agba gasịrị, wax paraffin na-anọgidekarị n'elu ihe a ga-ese, yabụ ọ dị mkpa iwepụ wax paraffin kpamkpam, n'ihi ọnọdụ dị iche iche nke elu a ga-ese, na-eme ka ọ sie ike iwepụ wax paraffin, nke na-eweta nnukwu nsogbu na mkpuchi ọzọ. Na mgbakwunye, na ọganihu nke teknụzụ na mmepe mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, ndị mmadụ na-amatawanye maka nchekwa gburugburu ebe obibi ma nwee ihe achọrọ dị elu na elu maka ndị na-agba agba agba. Ruo ọtụtụ afọ, ụlọ ọrụ agba anọwo na-agbalị ibelata ojiji nke ihe mgbaze. Agbanyeghị, ihe mgbaze dị oke mkpa maka ndị na-agba agba ... Nkeji edemede 612 nke Nkọwapụta Nkà na Ụzụ nke German (TRGS) na-amachibido iji ihe mkpuchi agba methylene chloride eme ihe iji belata ihe egwu ọrụ. Ihe pụrụ iche bụ na ndị na-achọ mma na-eji ihe mkpuchi agba methylene chloride ọdịnala eme ihe n'echeghị maka nchekwa nke gburugburu ebe ọrụ. Ma sistemụ siri ike dị elu ma nke dabere na mmiri bụ nhọrọ iji belata ọdịnaya ihe mgbaze ma mepụta ngwaahịa dị mma iji. Ya mere, ihe mkpuchi agba dabere na mmiri ga-abụ ụzọ maka ndị na-ewepụ agba. Ihe mkpuchi agba dị elu, nke nwere ọkwa dị elu nwere nnukwu ọdịnaya dị mma.

Mechie ụdị ihe na-agba agba nke paragraf a

1) Ihe na-agba agba alkaline

Ihe na-agba agba alkaline na-abụkarị ihe alkaline (sodium hydroxide a na-ejikarị eme ihe, soda ash, mmiri iko, wdg), surfactants, corrosion inhibitors, wdg., nke a na-ekpo ọkụ mgbe ejiri ya. N'otu aka, alkali na-eme ka ụfọdụ ìgwè dị na agba ahụ dị n'ime ya ma na-agbaze na mmiri; n'aka nke ọzọ, uzuoku na-ekpo ọkụ na-esi ihe mkpuchi ahụ esi, na-eme ka ọ ghara ịdị ike ma na-ebelata nrapado ya na ígwè, nke, yana mmetụta nke surfactant infiltration, infiltration na affiliation, na-eme ka mkpuchi ochie ahụ bibie. Ọ na-apụ n'anya.

2) Ihe na-agba agba asịd.

Ihe na-agba agba Acid bụ ihe na-agba agba agba nke nwere asịd siri ike dịka sọlfọlik acid, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid na nitric acid. N'ihi na asịd hydrochloric acid na nitric acid na-agba agba ngwa ngwa ma na-emepụta asịd kpụrụ akpụ, ma nwee mmetụta na-emebi emebi na ihe na-eme ka ihe na-eme ka ihe na-eme ka ihe na-eme ka ihe na-eme ka ihe na-eme ka ihe na-eme ka ihe na-eme ka ihe na-eme ka ihe na-eme ka ihe na-eme ka ihe na-eme ka ihe na-eme ka ihe na-eme ka ihe na-eme ka ihe na-eme ka ihe na-eme ka ihe na-eme ka ihe na-eme ka ihe na-eme ka ihe na-eme ka ihe na-eme ka ihe na-eme ka ihe na-eme ka ihe na-eme ka ihe na-eme ka ihe na-eme ka ihe na-eme ka ihe na-eme ka ihe na-eme ka ihe ghara ịdị mma, ya mere, a naghị eji asịd atọ ndị a dị n'elu agba ...

3) Ihe na-agba agba nkịtị

Ihe na-agba agba nkịtị bụ ngwakọta nke ihe na-agba agba nkịtị na paraffin, dịka T-1, T-2, T-3; ihe na-agba agba T-1 bụ ethyl acetate, acetone, ethanol, benzene, paraffin; T-2 bụ ethyl acetate, acetone, methanol, benzene na ihe ndị ọzọ na-agba agba na paraffin; T-3 bụ methylene chloride, plexiglass, plexi-glass na ihe ndị ọzọ na-agba agba. Ethanol, paraffin wax, wdg. agwakọtala, obere nsí, na-eme ka agba dị mma. Ha nwere mmetụta iwepụ agba na agba alkyd, agba nitro, agba acrylic na agba perchlorethylene. Agbanyeghị, ihe na-agba agba organic dị n'ụdị ihe na-agba agba a na-agbanwe agbanwe, na-ere ọkụ ma na-egbu egbu, yabụ ekwesịrị itinye ya n'ebe ikuku na-anaghị eru ya ala nke ọma.

4) Ihe na-agba agba nke nwere chlorine hydrocarbon solvent agba

Ihe na-agba agba nke nwere chlorine hydrocarbon solvent na-edozi nsogbu nke ịcha agba maka mkpuchi epoxy na polyurethane, ọ dị mfe iji, ọ na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma ma na-adịghị emebi ígwè. Ihe mejupụtara ya bụ ihe mgbaze (ndị na-agba agba ọdịnala na-ejikarị methylene chloride dị ka ihe mgbaze organic, ebe ndị na-agba agba agba ọgbara ọhụrụ na-ejikarị ihe mgbaze dị elu, dị ka dimethylaniline, dimethyl sulfoxide, propylene carbonate na N-methyl pyrrolidone, yana alcohols na ihe mgbaze aromatic, ma ọ bụ jikọta ya na hydrophilic alkaline ma ọ bụ sistemụ acidic), co-solvents (dị ka methanol, ethanol na isopropyl alcohol, wdg.) Ndị na-eme ihe ike (dị ka phenol, formic acid ma ọ bụ ethanolamine, wdg.), ihe ndị na-eme ka ihe sie ike (dị ka polyvinyl alcohol, methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose na fumed silica, wdg.), ihe mgbochi mgbanwe (dị ka paraffin wax, ping ping, wdg.), surfactants (dị ka OP-10, OP-7 na sodium alkyl benzene sulfonate, wdg.), ihe mgbochi corrosion, ihe ndị na-abanye n'ime mmiri, ihe ndị na-eme ka mmiri dị ọcha na ihe ndị na-eme ka ihe dị nro na thixotropic.

5) Ihe e ji agba agba nke e ji mmiri mee

Na Chaịna, ndị nchọpụta emepụtala ihe na-agba agba nke e ji mmiri mee nke ọma site na iji benzyl alcohol kama dichloromethane dị ka ihe mgbaze bụ isi. E wezụga benzyl alcohol, ọ gụnyekwara ihe na-eme ka agba sie ike, ihe na-egbochi mgbanwe, ihe na-eme ka ihe na-akpali akpali na surfactant. Ihe mejupụtara ya bụ (oke olu): 20%-40% ihe na-agbaze na 40%-60% ihe na-agbaze mmiri acidic na surfactant. Ma e jiri ya tụnyere ihe na-agba agba dichloromethane ọdịnala, ọ naghị enwe nsí na ọsọ nke iwepụ agba. Ọ nwere ike iwepụ agba epoxy, epoxy zinc yellow primer, karịsịa maka agba akpụkpọ ụgbọelu nwere mmetụta dị mma na agba.

Gbakọọ ihe ndị a na-ahụkarị na paragraf a

1) Ihe mgbaze bụ isi

Ihe mgbaze bụ isi nwere ike ịgbaze ihe nkiri agba site na ntinye na ọzịza nke molekul, nke nwere ike imebi nrapado nke ihe nkiri agba na ihe mejupụtara na nhazi oghere nke ihe nkiri agba, yabụ a na-ejikarị benzene, hydrocarbon, ketone na ether dị ka ihe mgbaze bụ isi, hydrocarbon bụkwa nke kacha mma. Ihe mgbaze bụ isi bụ benzene, hydrocarbons, ketone na ethers, hydrocarbons bụkwa nke kacha mma. Ihe mgbaze agba na-egbu egbu nke na-enweghị methylene chloride nwere ketone (pyrrolidone), ester (methyl benzoate) na alcohol ether (ethylene glycol monobutyl ether), wdg. Ethylene glycol ether dị mma maka resin polymer. Ethylene glycol ether nwere ike ịgbaze na resin polymer siri ike, ezigbo permeability, ebe esi mmiri dị elu, ọnụ ahịa dị ọnụ ala, ọ bụkwa ezigbo surfactant, yabụ ọ na-arụ ọrụ na nyocha nke iji ya dị ka ihe mgbaze bụ isi iji kwadebe ihe na-agbapụta agba (ma ọ bụ ihe nhicha) nke nwere ezigbo mmetụta na ọtụtụ ọrụ.

Mkpụrụ ndụ benzaldehyde dị obere, ọ na-abanyekwa n'ime usoro macromolecules siri ike, ọ na-agbazekwa ihe ndị dị ndụ n'elu polar dịkwa ike nke ukwuu, nke ga-eme ka macromolecules mụbaa ma na-akpata nrụgide. Nsí dị ala na obere ihe na-agba agba nke e ji benzaldehyde mee dị ka ihe mgbaze nwere ike iwepụ mkpuchi ntụ ntụ epoxy n'elu ihe e ji ígwè mee n'oge okpomọkụ ụlọ, ọ dịkwa mma maka iwepụ agba akpụkpọ ụgbọelu. Arụmọrụ nke ihe na-agba agba a yiri nke ihe na-agba agba kemịkalụ ọdịnala (ụdị methylene chloride na ụdị alkali ọkụ), mana ọ naghị emebi ihe na ihe ndị e ji ígwè mee.

Limonene bụ ezigbo ihe e ji eme ihe maka ndị na-ewepụ agba site n'echiche mmeghari ohuru. Ọ bụ ihe mgbaze hydrocarbon nke a na-ewepụta site na mkpụrụ oroma, mkpụrụ tangerine na mkpụrụ citron. Ọ bụ ihe mgbaze dị mma maka mmanụ, wax na resin. Ọ nwere ebe esi mmiri na ebe ọkụ ma dịkwa mma iji ya. Enwere ike iji ihe mgbaze Ester dị ka ihe eji eme ihe maka ndị na-ewepụ agba. A na-amata ihe mgbaze Ester site na obere nsí, isi ísì ụtọ na enweghị mmiri, a na-ejikwa ya eme ihe dị ka ihe mgbaze maka ihe ndị sitere n'okike. Methyl benzoate bụ onye nnọchi anya ihe mgbaze ester, ọtụtụ ndị ọkà mmụta na-atụkwa anya iji ya mee ihe na ndị na-ewepụ agba.

2) Ihe mgbaze na-esochi

Ihe mgbaze nwere ike ime ka methyl cellulose gbazee, melite viscosity na nkwụsi ike nke ngwaahịa ahụ, ma soro molekul ihe mgbaze bụ isi banye n'ime ihe nkiri agba ahụ, belata nrapado dị n'etiti ihe nkiri agba na ihe ndabere ahụ, iji mee ka ọsọ mwepụ agba ahụ dịkwuo ngwa ngwa. Ọ nwekwara ike ibelata dose nke ihe mgbaze bụ isi ma belata ọnụ ahịa ya. A na-ejikarị mmanya na-aba n'anya, ethers na esters eme ihe dị ka ihe mgbaze.

3) Onye nkwalite

Onye na-akwalite ihe bụ ọtụtụ ihe mgbaze nucleophilic, ọkachasị asịd organic, phenols na amines, gụnyere formic acid, acetic acid na phenol. Ọ na-arụ ọrụ site n'ibibi agbụ macromolecular ma na-eme ka ntinye na ọzịza nke mkpuchi ahụ dịkwuo ngwa ngwa. Organic acid nwere otu ọrụ dị ka ihe mejupụtara ihe nkiri agba - OH, ọ nwere ike imekọrịta na sistemụ njikọ nke oxygen, nitrogen na atọm polar ndị ọzọ, na-ebuli sistemụ nke akụkụ nke isi njikọ anụ ahụ, si otú a na-eme ka ihe na-agba agba na ọnụego mgbasa nke mkpuchi organic dịkwuo elu, na-eme ka ọzịza na ikike ịcha agba dịkwuo mma. N'otu oge ahụ, organic acid nwere ike ime ka hydrolysis nke njikọ ester, njikọ ether nke polymer ahụ dị ike ma mee ka ọ mebie njikọ ahụ, na-ebute ọnwụ nke ike na ihe ndị na-adịghị ike mgbe agbachara agba.

Mmiri e tinyere n'ọkụ bụ ihe mgbaze dielectric dị elu (ε=80120 na 20 ℃). Mgbe elu a ga-ewepụ bụ polar, dị ka polyurethane, ihe mgbaze dielectric dị elu nwere mmetụta dị mma n'ikewa elu electrostatic, ka ihe mgbaze ndị ọzọ wee nwee ike ịbanye n'ime oghere dị n'etiti mkpuchi ahụ na ihe ndabere ahụ.

Hydrogen peroxide na-agbaze n'ọtụtụ ebe ígwè, na-emepụta oxygen, hydrogen na ụdị oxygen atọm. Oxygen na-eme ka oyi akwa nchebe dị nro tụgharịa, na-ekwe ka ihe ọhụrụ ahụ na-agbapụta agba banye n'etiti ígwè na mkpuchi ahụ, si otú a na-eme ka usoro mwepụ ngwa ngwa. Acid bụkwa ihe dị mkpa na nhazi ihe na-agbapụta agba, ọrụ ha bụkwa ịnọgide na-enwe pH nke ihe na-agbapụta agba na 210-510 iji meghachi omume na otu amine n'efu na mkpuchi dịka polyurethane. Acid ejiri mee ihe nwere ike ịbụ acid siri ike, mmiri mmiri, acid organic ma ọ bụ acid inorganic. Ebe ọ bụ na acid inorganic nwere ike imepụta nchara nke ígwè, yabụ ọ kacha mma iji usoro RCOOH izugbe, ibu molekul na-erughị 1,000 organic acid soluble, dị ka formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, valeric acid, hydroxyacetic acid, hydroxybutyric acid, lactic acid, citric acid na hydroxy acids ndị ọzọ na ngwakọta ha.

4) Ihe ndị na-eme ka ọkpụrụkpụ sie ike

Ọ bụrụ na ejiri ihe e ji agba agba mee ihe maka nnukwu ihe owuwu nke kwesịrị ịrapara n'elu iji mee ka ha meghachi omume, ọ dị mkpa itinye ihe ndị na-eme ka ọ sie ike dịka polima mmiri na-agbaze dịka cellulose, polyethylene glycol, wdg, ma ọ bụ nnu ndị na-adịghị mma dịka sodium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium sulfate, na magnesium chloride. Ọ dị mkpa ịmara na ihe ndị na-eme ka ọ dị nro na-agbanwe viscosity ga-abawanye ka ha na-eme ihe, karịa oke a, viscosity ga-ebelata kama, nhọrọ na-ezighi ezi nwekwara ike inwe mmetụta na ihe ndị ọzọ.

Polyvinyl alcohol bụ polima mmiri na-agbaze, nwere ezigbo mmiri na-agbaze, na-akpụ ihe nkiri, na-ejikọ na emulsification, mana naanị obere ihe ndị sitere na organic nwere ike ịgbaze ya, ihe ndị sitere na polyol dị ka glycerol, ethylene glycol na obere polyethylene glycol dị arọ, amide, nnu triethanolamine, dimethyl sulfoxide, wdg, na ihe ndị sitere na organic dị n'elu, a ga-agbazekwa obere obere polyvinyl alcohol. Ngwakọta mmiri mmiri Polyvinyl alcohol nwere benzyl alcohol na ngwakọta formic acid nke ndakọrịta adịghị mma, ịdị mfe n'etiti, na n'otu oge ahụ na methyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose solubility nke poor, but na carboxy methyl cellulose solubility ka mma.

Polyacrylamide bụ polima a na-agbaze n'ime mmiri, a pụrụ iji ya na ihe ndị sitere na ya dị ka flocculants, thickeners, paper enhancers na retarders, wdg. Ebe ọ bụ na polyacrylamide molecular yinye nwere otu amide, a na-amata ya site na nnukwu hydrophilicity, mana ọ naghị agbaze n'ọtụtụ ngwọta organic, dị ka methanol, ethanol, acetone, ether, aliphatic hydrocarbons na aromatic hydrocarbons. Methyl cellulose mmiri mmiri na benzyl alcohol ụdị acid siri ike karị, ọtụtụ ihe na-agbaze na mmiri nwere ezigbo ngwakọta. Ọnụọgụ viscosity dabere na ihe owuwu achọrọ, mana mmetụta thickness adịghị kpọmkwem na ọnụọgụ ahụ, ka mmụba nke ọnụọgụ ahụ gbakwunyere, mmiri mmiri na-ebelata okpomọkụ gelation. Enweghị ike ịbawanye ụdị Benzaldehyde site na ịgbakwunye methyl cellulose iji nweta mmetụta viscosity dị ukwuu.

5) Ihe Mgbochi Njehie

Iji gbochie ire ere nke ihe ndị dị n'ime ya (karịsịa magnesium na aluminom), a ga-etinye ụfọdụ ihe mgbochi ire ere. Nsogbu ire ere bụ nsogbu a na-apụghị ileghara anya n'oge mmepụta ihe ahụ, a ga-asa ihe ndị e ji ihe na-agba agba agba ma jiri mmiri kpoo ha ma ọ bụ jiri rosin na petrol saa ha n'oge kwesịrị ekwesị iji hụ na ígwè na ihe ndị ọzọ adịghị ere ere.

6) Ndị na-egbochi mgbanwe

N'ozuzu, ihe ndị nwere ezigbo ikike ịgbasa ngwa ngwa dị mfe, yabụ iji gbochie mgbanwe nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe mgbaze bụ isi, a ga-etinye ụfọdụ ihe mgbochi ịgbasa ngwa ngwa na ihe na-ewepụ agba iji belata mgbanwe nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe mgbaze n'usoro mmepụta, njem, nchekwa na ojiji. Mgbe etinyere ihe na-ewepụ agba nwere wax paraffin n'elu agba, a ga-emepụta obere oyi akwa nke wax paraffin n'elu, ka mkpụrụ ndụ ihe mgbaze bụ isi wee nwee oge zuru oke iji nọrọ ma banye n'ime ihe nkiri agba iji wepụ ya, si otú a na-eme ka mmetụta iwepụ agba dịkwuo mma. Naanị wax paraffin siri ike ga-akpata mgbasa na-adịghị mma, obere ihe na-egbochi paraffin ga-anọgidekwa n'elu mgbe ewepụchara agba, nke ga-emetụta ịgbasa ọzọ. Ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mkpa, tinye emulsifier iji belata nrụgide elu ka e wee nwee ike ịgbasa wax paraffin na wax paraffin mmiri mmiri ma melite iguzosi ike nchekwa ya.

7) Surfactant

Mgbakwunye nke surfactants, dị ka amphoteric surfactants (dịka ọmụmaatụ, imidazoline) ma ọ bụ ethoxynonylphenol, nwere ike inyere aka melite iguzosi ike nke ihe na-agba agba agba ma mee ka ọ dị mfe ịsacha agba ahụ site na mmiri. N'otu oge ahụ, ojiji nke molekul surfactant nwere ma lipophilic ma hydrophilic ihe abụọ dị iche na surfactant, nwere ike imetụta mmetụta solubilization; ojiji nke surfactant colloidal otu mmetụta, nke mere na mmiri nke ọtụtụ ihe dị na ihe mgbaze ahụ mụbara nke ukwuu. Surfactants a na-ejikarị eme ihe bụ propylene glycol, sodium polymethacrylate ma ọ bụ sodium xylenesulfonate.

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