01 General ọnọdụ

MDI (diphenylmethane diisocyanic acid) bụ ihe polyurethane nke isocyanate, polyol na onye na-enyere ya aka, nke a na-eji na ngwa ụlọ, ụlọ, njem na ihe nkiri ndị ọzọ.

A na-ahụta MDI dị ka otu n'ime nnukwu ngwaahịa nwere ihe mgbochi kachasị elu na ụlọ ọrụ kemịkalụ. Usoro njikọ nke isocyanate dị ogologo, gụnyere mmeghachi omume nitration, mmeghachi omume mbelata na mmeghachi omume acidification.

Enwere usoro mmepụta abụọ nke MDI: phosgenation na enweghị phosgenation. Usoro phosgene bụ teknụzụ bụ isi maka mmepụta ụlọ ọrụ nke isocyanates ugbu a, ọ bụkwa naanị ụzọ nwere ike nweta nnukwu mmepụta nke isocyanates. Otú ọ dị, phosgene na-egbu egbu nke ukwuu, ọ dịkwa mkpa ka a mee mmeghachi omume n'okpuru ọnọdụ acid siri ike, nke chọrọ ngwá ọrụ dị elu na nkà na ụzụ.

02 ụdị

A na-ekekarị MDI ụzọ atọ: polymer MDI, MDI dị ọcha na MDI emezigharịrị:

Polymerized MDI bụ akụrụngwa maka mmepụta nke ụfụfụ siri ike nke polyurethane na ụfụfụ siri ike, a na-ejikwa ngwaahịa ya emechara n'ọtụtụ ebe na refrjiraeto, ihe mkpuchi ọkụ, akụkụ akpaaka akpaaka na ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ.

A na-ejikarị MDI dị ọcha eme ihe n'ichepụta ụdị polyurethane elastomers dị iche iche, nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe na mmepụta nke thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer, spandex, PU akpụkpọ anụ akpụkpọ anụ, akpụkpọ ụkwụ adhesives, ma na-ejikwa microporous elastomer ihe, dị ka ụkwụ, taya siri ike, onwe ya. -ụfụfụ crusting, ihe mgbochi ụgbọ ala, akụkụ ime ime, na imepụta ihe nkedo polyurethane elastomer.

Dị ka a ewepụtara nke MDI usoro ngwaahịa, gbanwetụrụ MDI bụ a teknuzu ndọtị nke dị ọcha MDI na polymerized MDI ngwaahịa a na-ejikarị na ahịa ugbu a, na ike inye pụrụ iche ojiji na nhazi Njirimara dị iche iche na ngwaahịa Ọdịdị imewe na njikọ usoro, otú. dị ka a na-ejikarị eme ihe na afụ dị nro, elastomers, mkpuchi, adhesives na ubi ndị ọzọ.

03 Upstream na downstream nke ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe

N'elu elu maka mmanụ, gas, ígwè ígwè na ihe ndị ọzọ;

Ebe etiti ahụ bụ kemịkalụ n'etiti akụrụngwa na ngwaahịa ikpeazụ, na-anọchite anya WH Chemical, WX petrochemical, wdg.

Na ala bụ ngwaahịa kemịkalụ ikpeazụ, dị ka plastik, rọba, pesticides, fatịlaịza, wdg, na-anọchite anya ụlọ ọrụ JF Technology, taya LL, kemịkalụ RL, HR Hengsheng, wdg.

04 Achọ nyocha na ahịa dị iche iche

Polyurethane nke MDI na-emepụta nwere ọtụtụ ngwa dị n'okpuru ala, nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe, ụlọ ọrụ ụlọ, ngwa ụlọ, ụlọ ọrụ ụgbọ njem, akpụkpọ ụkwụ akpụkpọ ụkwụ, wdg. Ya mere, oriri MDI na-ejikọta ya na ogo ọganihu akụ na ụba ụwa.

Site n'echiche zuru ụwa ọnụ, mkpokọta oriri nke MDI polymerized na 2021 bụ nke kachasị: 49% maka ụlọ ọrụ ihe owuwu, 21% maka ngwa ụlọ, 17% maka adhesives, yana 11% maka ụgbọ ala.

Site n'echiche ụlọ, oke nke ihe eji eme ihe MDI polymerized na 2021 bụ nke kachasị: 40% maka ngwaahịa ọcha, 28% maka ụlọ ọrụ ihe owuwu, 16% maka adhesives na 7% maka ụgbọ ala.

05 Usoro asọmpi

Akụkụ ọkọnọ nke MDI na-enye ụkpụrụ asọmpi nke oligopoly. Enwere ndị na-emepụta MDI asatọ n'ụwa, na ndị nrụpụta atọ kachasị elu site n'ikike bụ WH Chemical, BASF na Covestro, na ikike jikọtara ọnụ nke ụlọ ọrụ atọ ahụ na-aza ihe karịrị 60% nke ikike mmepụta ụwa dum. N'ime ha, WH Chemical bụ ụlọ ọrụ na-eduga na ụlọ ọrụ MDI nke China na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta MDI kachasị n'ụwa.