A makwaara dị ka dimethyl tiphenylamine, mmiri ara ehi na-acha odo odo na-enweghị isi, na-esi ísì ụtọ, dị mfe oxidize na ikuku ma ọ bụ n'okpuru anyanwụ wee jiri ze gbara ọchịchịrị. Njupụta emetụtara (20℃/ 4℃) 0.9555, ebe oyi na-atụ 2.0℃, isi okwu 193℃, ntụpọ ọkụ (mmeghe) 77℃, ntụpọ ọkụ 317℃, viscosity (25℃) 1.528mpa-s, ndezigharị ntugharị (n20D) 1.5584. Soluble na ethanol, ether, chloroform, benzene na ihe mgbaze organic ndị ọzọ. Soluble n'ụdị dị iche iche nke organic ogige. Na-agbaze ntakịrị na mmiri. Ọ bụ combustiible ga-ere ọkụ ma ọ bụrụ na ọkụ mepere emepe. Uzuoku na ikuku ga-etolite ngwakọta mgbawa na oke mgbawa nke 1.2% ~ 7.0% (vol). Ọ na-egbu egbu nke ukwuu, a na-ahapụkwa aniline gas na-egbu egbu site na nnukwu ike ire ọkụ. Enwere ike ịmịnye ya site na akpụkpọ ahụ ma mee ka nsị, LD501410mg / kg, njedebe kachasị mma na ikuku bụ 5mg / m3.

Usoro nchekwa

1. Nchekwa nchekwa[25] Chekwaa n'ụlọ nkwakọba ihe dị jụụ ma nwee ikuku nke ọma. Wepụ ọkụ na isi mmalite okpomọkụ. Debe ihe mkpuchi ahụ. Ekwesịrị ịchekwa ya iche na acids, halogens na kemịkalụ oriri, ọ dịghịkwa agwakọta ya. Ejiri ụdị dị iche iche kwekọrọ na ọnụọgụ ngwa ọgụ ọkụ. Ebe nchekwa ahụ kwesịrị ịkwado ngwa ngwa ọgwụgwọ mberede maka ntanye na ihe nchekwa kwesịrị ekwesị.

2. Nabata nkwakọba ihe nkedo ígwè, 180kg kwa drum, na-echekwa na ebe dị jụụ na ikuku. Chekwaa na ibugharị dịka iwu nke ihe ndị na-ere ọkụ na ndị na-egbu egbu siri dị.

usoro njikọ

1. A na-enweta ya site na mmeghachi omume n'etiti aniline na methanol na ọnụnọ sulfuric acid na oke okpomọkụ na nrụgide dị elu. Usoro usoro:1. 790kg aniline, 625kg methanol, 85kg nke sulfuric acid (ammonium 100%) na-agbakwunyere na kettle mmeghachi omume, njikwa okpomọkụ 210-215.℃, nrụgide 3.1MPa, meghachi omume maka 4h, wee hapụ nrụgide ahụ, a na-ahapụ ihe ahụ na onye na-emepụta ihe, na-ewepụ ya site na 30% sodium hydroxide, static, na ala quaternary ammonium nnu na-ekewapụ. Mgbe ahụ na 160℃, 0.7-0.9MPa hydrolysis mmeghachi omume maka 3h, ngwaahịa hydrolysis na elu oyi akwa nke mmanu ihe jikọtara site na-asa mgbe agụụ distillation nke okokụre ngwaahịa.

2. Iji methanol na aniline dị ka akụrụngwa, a na-emepụta ya site na alumina catalyst n'okpuru ọnọdụ 200-250.℃na oke methanol na ikuku ikuku. The akụrụngwa oriri oke: aniline 790kg/t, methanol 625kg/t, sulfuric acid 85kg/t. Nkwadebe ụlọ nyocha nwere ike meghachi omume aniline na trimethyl phosphate.

3. aniline na methanol agwakọta (n aniline: n methanol≈1: 3), na site na mgbapụta igwe na-emegharị ihe na-abụghị usu, a na-agbanye na 0.5h-1 ikuku na-agba n'ime reactor nke nwere ihe na-akpali akpali, mmeghachi omume na-ebu ụzọ banye na nkesa mmiri mmiri gas, s.eparator n'okpuru mmiri mmiri anakọtara n'oge oge niile wepụrụ maka nyocha chromatographic.

Na 2001, Nankai University na Tianjin Ruikai Technology Development Co., Ltd. jikọrọ aka mepụtara a ukwuu oru oma aniline methylation catalyst, na ghọtara na gas-phase njikọ nke N, N-dimethyl aniline. Usoro a bụ nke a: A na-agwakọta Aniline Liquid na methanol, vaporized na ụlọ elu vaporization, wee banye na reactor tubular nke nwere ikuku ikuku nke 0.5-1.0h-1 (akwa akwa nke tubular reactor nwere nano na-ebu ibu). -ike ike), ma na-emepụta na 250-300℃under ikuku ikuku, yana mkpụrụ DMA karịrị 96%.

Usoro nnụcha: Ọ na-enwekarị adịghị ọcha dị ka aniline na N-methyl aniline. N, N-dimethylaniline na-agbaze na 40% sulfuric acid ma na-agbaze ya site na vepo mmiri. A na-agbakwunye sodium hydroxide iji mee ka ọ bụrụ alkaline. A na-aga n'ihu na distillation na uzuoku mmiri. A na-ekewa distillate n'ime akwa mmiri ma kpoo ya na potassium hydroxide. A na-eme distillation nrụgide nkịtị na ọnụnọ acetic anhydride. A na-eji mmiri na-asa mmiri ahụ iji wepụ ihe acetic anhydride, nke a mịrị amị na potassium hydroxide, na-esote barium oxide, ma gbanye ya n'okpuru nrụgide dị ntakịrị na ọnụnọ nke iyi nitrogen. Ụzọ ndị ọzọ nke imezi distillate gụnyere ịgbakwunye 10% acetic anhydride na refluxing maka awa ole na ole iji wepụ amines nke mbụ na nke abụọ. Mgbe ọ dị jụụ, a na-agbakwunye ihe karịrị 20% hydrochloric acid wee wepụta ya na ether. Mmiri hydrochloric acid bụ alkaline na alkali wee wepụ ya na ether, na ether oyi akwa na-akpọnwụ na potassium hydroxide na distilled n'okpuru mbelata nrụgide n'okpuru a iyi nke nitrogen. N, N-dimethylaniline nwekwara ike gbanwee gaa na picric acid salts, recrystallized ka ọ bụrụ ebe na-agbaze mgbe niile wee mebie ya na mmiri ọkụ 10% mmiri mmiri nke sodium hydroxide. Mgbe ahụ, a na-ewepụta ya na ether, saa ya ma kpoo ya, ma kpochaa ya n'okpuru nrụgide dị ntakịrị.

5. Aniline, methanol na sulfuric acid agwakọta na nha, mmeghachi omume condensation na autoclave, ngwaahịa mmeghachi omume site na mgbake mgbake nke methanol, gbakwunye neutralization alkali, nkewa na mgbe ahụ distillation site n'ibelata nrụgide iji nweta ngwaahịa ahụ.

6. N, N-dimethylaniline nwere ike ịmepụta site na mmeghachi omume methylation nke aniline na trimethyl phosphate, wee wepụ ya site na ether, nke a mịrị amị na distilled.

7. N, N-dimethylaniline nwere ike synthesized na catalytic bed nke Ziegler catalyst na ọla kọpa-manganese usoro ma ọ bụ ọla kọpa-zinc-chromium usoro na 280℃na ngwakọta nke aniline na methanol na ruru 1: 3.5. E nwetara N,N-dimethylaniline na 193-195℃na ngwaọrụ mgbasa kọlụm 54-taabụ ma tinye ya n'ime karama iko aja aja. Maka nkwadebe nke N, N-dimethylaniline dị ọcha, N, N-dimethylaniline nwere ike ịgbanye gas nitrogen dị ka ihe na-ebu gas n'ime nkwadebe gas chromatograph whi.ch nwere kọlụm phosphate metal.

Ngwa ngwa

1. Ọ bụ otu n'ime ihe ndị bụ isi maka mmepụta nke nnu na-edozi nnu (triphenylmethane dyestuff, wdg) na alkali dyestuff. 2. Ejiri ya dị ka ihe mgbaze, ihe nchekwa ígwè, onye na-agwọ ọrịa maka resin epoxy, ọgwụgwọ accelerant maka resin polyester, co-catalyst maka polymerization nke ogige ethylene, wdg. 3. A na-ejikwa ya na nkwadebe nke alkaline triphenylmethane dyes, azo dyes na vanillin, wdg. A na-ejikwa ya dị ka ihe na-akpali akpali n'imepụta ụfụfụ polyurethane yana dịka akụrụngwa maka onye na-akwalite vulcanization roba, ihe mgbawa na ọgwụ. A na-eji N, N-Dimethylaniline na ụlọ ọrụ ọgwụ na-emepụta cephalosporin V, sulfamethoxine N-methoxypyrimidine, sulfamethoxine o-dimethoxypyrimidine, fluorosporine, wdg. A na-ejikwa ya na ụlọ ọrụ na-esi ísì ụtọ na-emepụta vanillin. 4. A na-eji ya dị ka ihe na-agwọ ọrịa maka epoxy resin, polyester resin na anaerobic gluu, nke mere na gluu anaerobic na-agbake ngwa ngwa. A pụkwara iji ya mee ihe dị ka ihe mgbaze, onye na-emepụta ihe maka polymerization nke ogige ethylene, ihe nchekwa ígwè, ihe mkpuchi ultraviolet maka ịchọ mma, fotosentizer, wdg. gbasasịa agbaji, akwa acid, mmanụ-soluble e ji esiji na fragrances (vanillin), wdg A na-ejikwa ya dị ka akụrụngwa maka imepụta akwa alkaline, gbasasịa e ji esiji ákwà, akwa acid, mmanụ na-esiji mmanụ na ngwa nri (vanillin), wdg. eji dị ka reagent maka photometric mkpebi nke nitrite. A na-ejikwa ya dị ka ihe mgbaze, na-eji na organic synthesis.6. A na-eji ya dị ka intermediates agba, ihe mgbaze, stabilizers, analytical reagents. [26]