N,N-Dimethylaniline

A makwaara ya dị ka dimethyl tiphenylamine, mmiri mmanụ na-enweghị agba ruo odo dị nro, nwere isi na-esi ísì ụtọ, dị mfe ịgbaze n'ikuku ma ọ bụ n'okpuru anyanwụ ma jiri ze gbara ọchịchịrị. Njupụta dị n'etiti (20 ℃ / 4 ℃) 0.9555, ebe oyi na-atụ 2.0 ℃, ebe esi mmiri 193 ℃, ebe ọkụ (mmepe) 77 ℃, ebe ọkụ 317 ℃, viscosity (25 ℃) 1.528mpa-s, ntụ ntụ na-agbanwe agbanwe (n20D) 1.5584. A na-agbaze na ethanol, ether, chloroform, benzene na ihe mgbaze organic ndị ọzọ. A na-agbaze na ọtụtụ ihe ndị dị n'ime organic. A na-agbaze ntakịrị na mmiri. Ọ na-ere ọkụ ma ọ ga-ere ọkụ ma ọ bụrụ na ọkụ meghere. Uzuoku na ikuku ga-emepụta ngwakọta mgbawa nke nwere oke mgbawa nke 1.2% ~ 7.0% (vol). Ọ na-egbu egbu nke ukwuu, a na-ewepụtakwa gas aniline na-egbu egbu site na ire ọkụ dị elu. Enwere ike ịmịnye ya n'ime akpụkpọ ahụ ma mee ka nsị dị, LD501410mg/kg, oke ikuku a na-anabata bụ 5mg/m3.
Usoro nchekwa
1. Ihe Ịkpachara Anya Banyere Nchekwa[25] Debe n'ụlọ nkwakọba ihe dị jụụ ma nwee ikuku dị mma. Debe ya ebe ọkụ na ebe okpomọkụ na-adịghị. Debe akpa ahụ n'ime mkpuchi. A ga-echekwa ya iche na asịd, halogen, na kemịkalụ a na-eri eri, a gaghịkwa agwakọta ya. E nwere ụdị na ọnụọgụ ngwa ọrụ ọkụ kwekọrọ na ya. Ebe nchekwa ahụ kwesịrị inwe ngwa ọgwụgwọ mberede maka mmiri na ihe ndị kwesịrị ekwesị maka ebe nchekwa.

2. Jiri ihe mkpuchi ígwè nke e ji drum mechie, nke ruru kilogram 180 kwa drum, ma debe ya n'ebe dị jụụ ma ikuku na-abata. Debe ma bufee ya dịka iwu si dị maka ihe ndị na-ere ọkụ ma na-egbu egbu.
usoro mmepụta
1. A na-enweta ya site na mmeghachi omume dị n'etiti aniline na methanol n'ihu sulfuric acid n'oge okpomọkụ dị elu na nrụgide dị elu. Usoro usoro: 1. A na-etinye 790kg nke aniline, 625kg nke methanol, 85kg nke sulfuric acid (ammonium 100%) n'ime ketulu mmeghachi omume, okpomọkụ njikwa 210-215℃, nrụgide 3.1MPa, meghachi omume maka awa 4, wee hapụ nrụgide ahụ, a na-ewepụta ihe ahụ na ihe nkesa ahụ, na-eme ka ọ dị ka sodium hydroxide 30%, static, wee kewaa nnu ammonium nke dị ala. Mgbe ahụ na 160 ℃, mmeghachi omume hydrolysis 0.7-0.9MPa maka awa 3, ngwaahịa hydrolysis na akwa elu nke ihe mmanụ jikọtara ọnụ site na ịsacha mgbe emechara mwepụ vacuum.

2. Site na iji methanol na aniline dị ka ihe eji emepụta ihe, alumina catalyst na-emepụta ya n'okpuru ọnọdụ okpomọkụ nke 200-250℃ yana oke methanol na nrụgide ikuku. Oke oriri ihe eji emepụta ihe: aniline 790kg/t, methanol 625kg/t, sulfuric acid 85kg/t. Nkwadebe ụlọ nyocha nwere ike imeghachi aniline na trimethyl phosphate.

3, aniline na methanol agwakọtara (n aniline: n methanol ≈ 1:3), site na mgbapụta nhagharị nke na-abụghị nke pulse nke a gbara na ọsọ ikuku 0.5h-1 n'ime reactor nke nwere ihe na-akpali akpali, mmeghachi omume ahụ na-apụta na mbụ n'ime ihe nkesa gas-mmiri iko, wepụ ihe nkesa n'okpuru mmiri mmiri a na-anakọta n'oge ọ bụla maka nyocha chromatographic.

Na 2001, Mahadum Nankai na Tianjin Ruikai Technology Development Co., Ltd. jikọrọ aka mepụta ihe na-akpali methylation aniline dị irè nke ukwuu, wee mezuo mmepụta gas nke N,N-dimethyl aniline. Usoro a bụ otu a: A na-agwakọta aniline mmiri mmiri na methanol, gbanye ya n'ime ụlọ elu vaporization, wee banye n'ime ihe na-akpali ventila nke nwere ọsọ ikuku nke 0.5-1.0h-1 (akwa edobere nke ihe na-akpali ventila nke tubular nwere ihe na-akpali ventila nano siri ike), ma na-emepụta ya mgbe niile na 250-300℃ n'okpuru nrụgide ikuku, yana mmepụta DMA karịrị 96%.

Usoro Nrụpụta: Ọ na-enwekarị ihe ndị na-adịghị ọcha dịka aniline na N-methyl aniline. A na-agbaze N,N-dimethylaniline na 40% sulfuric acid ma jiri mmiri kpụọ ya. A na-agbakwunye sodium hydroxide iji mee ka ọ bụrụ alkaline. A na-aga n'ihu na mmiri kpụọ ya. A na-ekewa distillate ahụ n'ime akwa mmiri ma jiri potassium hydroxide kpoo ya. A na-eme nrụpụta nrụgide nkịtị n'ihu acetic anhydride. A na-asa distillate ahụ na mmiri iji wepụ ihe ndị dị na acetic anhydride, jiri potassium hydroxide kpoo ya, wee jiri barium oxide kpoo ya, ma tinye ya n'okpuru nrụgide dị ala n'ihu mmiri nitrogen. Ụzọ ndị ọzọ e si eme ka distillate ahụ dị nro gụnyere itinye 10% acetic anhydride na refluxing ruo awa ole na ole iji wepụ amine mbụ na nke abụọ. Mgbe ọ jụrụ oyi, a na-agbakwunye ma wepụta ihe karịrị 20% hydrochloric acid na ether. A na-eji hydrochloric acid oyi akwa alkaline na alkali wee wepụta ya na ether, a na-ejikwa potassium hydroxide kpoo oyi akwa ether ma tinye ya n'okpuru nrụgide dị ala n'okpuru iyi nitrogen. A pụkwara ịtụgharị N,N-dimethylaniline ka ọ bụrụ nnu picric acid, mee ka ọ gbazee ọzọ ruo ebe ọ na-agbaze mgbe niile, wee jiri mmiri ọkụ nke sodium hydroxide dị 10% nke sodium hydroxide mee ya. A na-ewepụ ya na ether, saa ya ma kpọọ ya nkụ, ma gbazee ya n'okpuru nrụgide dị ala.

5. Aniline, methanol na sulfuric acid agwakọtara n'ogo, mmeghachi omume condensation na autoclave, ngwaahịa mmeghachi omume site na mgbake nrụgide nke methanol, tinye neutralization alkali, nkewa na wee distillation site na mbelata nrụgide iji nweta ngwaahịa ahụ.

6. Enwere ike ịmepụta N, N-dimethylaniline site na mmeghachi omume methylation nke aniline na trimethyl phosphate, wee wepụta ya site na ether, kpọọ nkụ ma gbazee ya.

7. Enwere ike iji N, N-dimethylaniline mee ihe n'elu ihe mkpuchi Ziegler catalyst na sistemụ copper-manganese ma ọ bụ sistemụ copper-zinc-chromium na 280℃ site na ngwakọta nke aniline na methanol na oke nke 1:3.5. A chịkọtara N, N-dimethylaniline enwetara na 193-195℃ na ngwaọrụ distillation kọlụm 54-tab ma tinye ya n'ime karama iko aja aja. Maka nkwadebe nke N, N-dimethylaniline dị ọcha, enwere ike ịgbanye N, N-dimethylaniline na gas nitrogen dị ka gas na-ebuga n'ime gas chromatograph nkwadebe nke nwere kọlụm phosphate metal.