Mgbe ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ otu narị afọ nke mmepe, ụlọ ọrụ kemịkalụ China abụrụla mba na-eto ngwa ngwa n'ụwa, usoro mmepụta ihe karịa Europe, United States na Japan na South Korea na-ebelata usoro ụlọ ọrụ kemịkalụ nke ukwuu, nke na Europe na United States na mba ndị ọzọ. chọrọ ọtụtụ iri afọ iji ruo ọkwa ọkwa, ụlọ ọrụ kemịkalụ China naanị afọ ole na ole abịala na njedebe. Ihe dị iche bụ na mgbe nnukwu ọkwa nke ụlọ ọrụ kemịkalụ dị na Europe na United States, ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ezigbo ngwaahịa kemịkal na-akwado teknụzụ dị elu abawanyela nke ukwuu, ebe na China, n'ihi obere mmepe nke teknụzụ, ahịa ahụ. Ọnụnọ nke kemịkalụ dị mma ejirila nwayọọ nwayọọ tolite.

Ekwenyere na n'ime afọ 5-10 na-esote, nnukwu usoro nke ụlọ ọrụ kemịkalụ nke China ga-akwụsị, na usoro mmepe dị mma ga-eme ngwa ngwa. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, enwere ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ nyocha ụlọ, ọkachasị ndị jikọrọ aka na ụlọ ọrụ na-eduga, na-abawanye itinye ego na nyocha na mmepe nke kemịkalụ dị mma.

N'ihi na mmepe direction nke ọma kemịkalụ China, Pingtou Nwanna chịkọtara ihe ndị na-esonụ isi, mbụ, ojiji nke ala-carbon hydrocarbons dị ka akụrụngwa maka miri nhazi direction research, downstream lekwasịrị anya na ọgwụ intermediates, pesticide intermediates na ndị ọzọ ubi. Nke abụọ, maka nhazi miri emi na itinye n'ọrụ nke polycarbon hydrocarbons, nke dị n'okpuru ala na ihe ndị dị mma nke kemịkal dị elu, ihe enyemaka na mpaghara ndị ọzọ; Nke atọ, maka ikewapụ na ịdị ọcha nke akụrụngwa carbon hydrocarbon dị elu na nhazi na itinye n'ọrụ miri emi, na-agbada n'ọhịa nke surfactants na plasticizers.

Site n'echiche nke ọnụ ahịa, ịgbatị ụlọ ọrụ kemịkalụ dị mma nke akụrụngwa carbon dị ala bụ ụzọ mmepụta na nyocha kachasị ọnụ ugbu a. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ nyocha sayensị na China na-arụsi ọrụ ike ịgbatị nyocha nke carbon hydrocarbons dị ala na kemịkal dị mma. Ngwaahịa ndị na-anọchite anya ya bụ kemịkalụ kemịkalụ dị mma nke yinye ụlọ ọrụ isobutylene na mgbakwunye kemịkalụ dị mma nke yinye ụlọ ọrụ aniline.

Dị ka nchọpụta mbụ si kwuo, agbụ ụlọ ọrụ nke ihe karịrị 50 kemịkal dị mma na ala nke isobutylene dị ọcha ka agbatịwo, na usoro mmepụta ihe nke ngwaahịa ndị dị n'okpuru ala nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu nke nchacha. Enwere ihe karịrị ụdị kemịkalụ 60 dị mma na mgbati ndọtị ụlọ ọrụ aniline, yana ọtụtụ ntụzịaka ngwa ala.

Ka ọ dị ugbu a, a na-emepụta aniline site na catalytic hydrogenation nke nitrobenzene, nke bụ mmepụta hydrogenation nke nitric acid, hydrogen na benzene dị ọcha dị ka akụrụngwa. A na-etinye ya n'okpuru ala na MDI, ihe enyemaka roba, ihe eji esiji ákwà na etiti ọgwụ, ihe mgbakwunye mmanụ ụgbọala na ubi ndị ọzọ. A pụghị ijikọta benzene dị ọcha na ụlọ ọrụ na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta kemịkalụ na ngwaahịa mmanụ, nke na-akwalite mgbasawanye na itinye n'ọrụ nke usoro mmepụta ihe nke benzene dị ọcha, ma bụrụ ebe a na-elekwasị anya na nyocha kemịkalụ na ụlọ ọrụ mmepe.

Dị ka ụlọ ọrụ dị iche iche a na-eji na ngwaahịa ala nke aniline, ọ nwere ike kewaa ya n'ime ụlọ ọrụ ndị a: Nke mbụ, enwere ike kewaa ngwa n'ọhịa nke roba accelerators na antioxidants na ngwaahịa ise, nke bụ p-amino-diphenylamine. , hydroquinone, diphenylamine, cyclohexylamine na dicyclohexylamine. A na-eji ọtụtụ n'ime ngwaahịa aniline ndị a n'ọhịa nke antioxidants roba, dị ka p-amino-diphenylamine nwere ike ịmepụta antioxidants 4050, 688, 8PPD, 3100D na ndị ọzọ.

N'ọhịa nke ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa na oriri antioxidant, aniline downstream na ubi roba bụ ntụziaka oriri dị mkpa, na-aza ihe dị ka 11% nke ngụkọta ala nke aniline, ngwaahịa ndị bụ isi na-anọchite anya p-amino-diphenylamine na hydroquinone.

N'ime ogige diazo, na-eji aniline na nitrate na ngwaahịa ndị ọzọ, ngwaahịa ndị nwere ike ịmepụta p-amino-azobenzene hydrochloride, p-hydroxyaniline, p-hydroxyazobenzene, phenylhydrazine, fluorobenzene na ndị ọzọ. A na-eji ngwaahịa ndị a eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe n'ọhịa nke esiji, ọgwụ na pesticide intermediates. Ngwaahịa ndị a na-anọchite anya ya bụ: p-amino-azobenzene hydrochloride, nke bụ azo dye synthetic, eriri eriri, ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ, na-ejikwa ya na-emepụta agba na pigmenti na dịka ihe ngosi. P-hydroxyaniline na-eji na mmepụta nke sulfur blue FBG, adịghị ike acid na-egbuke egbuke edo edo 5G na ndị ọzọ e ji esiji ákwà, na-emepụta paracetamol, antamine na ọgwụ ndị ọzọ, ma na-eji na mmepụta nke mmepe, antioxidants na na.

Dị ka nnyocha , ugbu a, aniline ogige eji na China si agba ụlọ ọrụ bụ ukwuu n'ime p-amino-azobenzene hydrochloride na p-hydroxyaniline, aza maka 1% nke downstream oriri nke aniline, nke bụ ihe dị mkpa ngwa ntụziaka nke nitrogen ogige na. ala nke aniline, ma bụrụkwa ntụziaka dị mkpa nke nyocha teknụzụ ụlọ ọrụ dị ugbu a.

Ngwa ọzọ dị mkpa dị n'okpuru ala nke aniline bụ halogenation nke aniline, dị ka mmepụta p-iodoaniline, o-chloroaniline, 2.4.6-trichloroaniline, n-acetoacetanilide, n-formylaniline, phenylurea, bisphenylurea, phenylthiourea na ngwaahịa ndị ọzọ. N'ihi ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke aniline halogenation ngwaahịa, a na-ebu ụzọ mee atụmatụ na ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ụdị 20, nke ghọkwara ntụziaka dị mkpa maka ịgbatị eriri ụlọ ọrụ kemịkalụ dị mma nke aniline.

A na-eji ngwaahịa ndị dị n'okpuru na-eji aniline halogenation, dị ka o-chloraniline, maka mmepụta nke sulfur blue FBG, acid na-adịghị ike na-acha odo odo 5G, imepụta paracetamol, antamine na ọgwụ ndị ọzọ, kamakwa maka mmepụta nke ndị mmepe, antioxidants na. ya mere na. A na-eji Diphenyl thiourea na-emepụta ngwa ngwa vulcanization, capsules vulcanization, taya mmiri, waya na eriri, yana ọgwụ na agba agba. A na-eji N-acetoacetanilide na-emepụta sulfonamides, analgesics, antipyretic ice na preservatives, na roba vulcanization accelerator.

Dị ka ezughị ezu ntule , ọnụ ọgụgụ nke aniline halogenated downstream aniline ezi chemical ngwaahịa na-akpata ihe dị ka 40% nke ọnụ ọgụgụ nke downstream aniline chemicals, ma ngwaahịa na-akasị eji na elu-ọgwụgwụ ubi, na n'ozuzu ọnụ ọgụgụ adịghị nnukwu. Site na mmepe siri ike nke ubi ọgwụ, nyocha teknụzụ nke aniline halogenation aghọwokwa ntụziaka mmepe dị mkpa nke nyocha na mmepe teknụzụ China.

Mmeghachi omume ọzọ dị mkpa nke aniline bụ mmeghachi omume mbelata, dị ka aniline na hydrogen iji mepụta cyclohexane, aniline na sulfuric acid na soda ash iji mepụta dicyclohexane, aniline na sulfuric acid na sulfur trioxide iji mepụta p-aminobenzenesulfonic acid. Ụdị mmeghachi omume a na-achọ ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke ihe inyeaka, na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ngwaahịa ndị dị n'okpuru ala adịghị nnukwu, na a na-eme atụmatụ na e nwere ihe dị ka ngwaahịa ise. 

N'ime ha, dị ka p-aminobenzenesulfonic acid, n'ichepụta azo esiji, wdg, eji dị ka ntụaka reagent, ibuo reagent na chromatographic analysis reagent, na nwekwara ike-eji dị ka a pesticide iji gbochie ọka wit ọrịa. Dicyclohexylamine, bụ nkwadebe nke intermediates agba, yana pesticide textile ọka wit nchara, na nkwadebe nke ngwa nri.

Mbelata mmeghachi omume nke aniline dịtụ njọ, na ugbu a, China na-akasị lekwasị na laabu na obere-ọnụ ọgụgụ mmepụta ogbo, na oriri nkezi dị nnọọ obere, nke na-abụghị isi ntụziaka nke ndọtị nke downstream mma chemical. yinye ụlọ ọrụ aniline.

Ojiji nke aniline dị ka akụrụngwa nke ọmarịcha ụlọ ọrụ kemịkalụ ndọtị, enwere mmeghachi omume arylation, mmeghachi omume alkylation, mmeghachi omume oxidation na mmeghachi omume nitrification, mmeghachi omume cyclization, mmeghachi omume condensation aldehyde na mmeghachi omume ngwakọta dị mgbagwoju anya. Aniline nwere ike isonye na ọtụtụ mmeghachi omume kemịkalụ, yana enwere ọtụtụ ngwa ala. anyị ga-anọgide na-eduzi ụfọdụ nyocha ya, biko na-atụ anya ya.