Ngwa

1. Ejiri mee ihe dị ka ihe ndị dị ndụ na ihe ndị sitere na organic synthesis, mmiri mmiri na shrinkage

2. A na-ejikarị ya eme ihe maka njikọta na ịkpọ nkụ nke amikacin na amino acid. Ọ bụ ezigbo ihe na-eme ka mmiri ghara ịdị n'ime mmiri ọgwụ dị ala.

3. A na-ejikarị ya eme ihe maka njikọta nke amino acid na polypeptide sịntetik. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, na FMOC - njikọ siri ike, otu carboxyl nke amino acid na-etolite njikọ amide na otu amino nke amino acid ọzọ. Iji mee ka otu carboxyl dịkwuo mfe ịwakpo nucleophile, a ga-ebu ụzọ mee ka atọm oxygen chajị na-adịghị mma rụọ ọrụ site na Chemicalbook ka ọ bụrụ otu na-ahapụ nke ọma. DCC na-arụ ọrụ a. Atọm oxygen nke otu carboxyl na amino acid na-arụ ọrụ dị ka nucleophile iji wakpo atọm carbon dị n'etiti molekul DCC ka DCC na otu carboxyl jikọta ọnụ iji mepụta nhazi ester, nke na-eme ka mwakpo nucleophilic nke otu amino dị mfe ime.

4. Ngwakọta ihe na-eme ka mmiri ghara ịgwụ; Ngwakọta ihe na-eme ka mmiri ghara ịgwụ; Transhydrogenase na-agbanwe mitochondria obi ehi; F1F0-adenosine triphosphate na ihe ndị ọzọ na-egbochi hydrogen transposase