MIT-Ivy Industry bụ a ọgwụ na chemical intermediate enterprise integrating mmepụta, ahịa na nkà mmụta sayensị research.With elu mmepụta ngwá na mmepụta technology, anyị na-anọgide na-enwe ezi nkwado mmekọrịta na nkà mmụta sayensị nnyocha ụlọ ọrụ na nnukwu na ọkara mahadum.Anyị na-etinye aka na mmepụta na ịre ahịa nke usoro ndị na-emepụta ọgwụ na-emepụta ọgwụ, karịsịa na ọgwụgwọ ọrịa AIDS, ọrịa obi na ụbụrụ cerebrovascular, na-akwado ndị na-ahụ maka ọgwụ mgbochi mkpali. Ngwaahịa nke sodium azide, triphenyl chloromethane, L- A na-ere valine methyl ester hydrochloride n'ụlọ na mba ọzọ.1.Okwu mmeghe nke ndị na-emepụta ọgwụ na-ezo aka na ngwaahịa ndị dị n'etiti dị ka akụrụngwa, ihe na ihe ndị e ji eme ihe na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ọgwụ na-emepụta ọgwụ. na ihe ọgwụ na-arụ ọrụ kwesịrị ịnakwere asambodo GMP.Ndị na-ahụ maka ọgwụ, n'agbanyeghị na ejiri ya na mmepụta ọgwụ, bụ n'ezie naanị njikọ na mmepụta nke akụrụngwa kemịkal.Ha bụ ngwaahịa kachasị dị ala na nke dị n'ime mmepụta ọgwụ na-emepụta ọgwụ na enweghị ike ịkpọ ọgwụ, ya mere, a naghị achọ asambodo GMP. Enwere ike ịmepụta ndị na-emepụta ọgwụ na-emepụta ọgwụ na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ọgwụ na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ọgwụ na-emepụta ọgwụ na-emepụta ọgwụ na ọkwa ụfọdụ. na-ebelatakwa ọnụ ụzọ ntinye nke ụlọ ọrụ maka ndị na-emepụta etiti. Foto2.Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ụlọ ọrụ na-emepụta ọgwụ na-arụ ọrụ site na nhazi nke usoro mmepụta ihe, nnyefe transnational mmepụta na nrụzi nke mba ụwa nkewa nke nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ na-emepụta ọgwụ na mba dị iche iche, China aghọwo ihe dị mkpa etiti mmepụta isi na nkewa zuru ụwa ọnụ nke ọrụ nke ụlọ ọrụ ọgwụ. Dị ka nchọpụta si kwuo. Akuko banyere mmepe nke China's Pharmaceutical Intermediates Industry (2016), site na 2011 ruo 2015, China si pharmaceutical intermediates ụlọ ọrụ na ya ngụkọta mmepụta uru mụbara kwa afọ, na a compound kwa afọ uto ọnụego nke banyere 13.5% n'ime ha, ngụkọta mmepụta uru. nke pharmaceutical intermediates na China ruru 422.56 ijeri yuan na 2015, mmụba nke 9.88% afọ na year.Industry mmepụta ruru 17.2 nde tọn, elu 10.26 pasent afọ na year.The mmepụta uru nke ọgwụ intermediates ụlọ ọrụ na China ga-abụ nso otu trillion. yuan site na 2020. Foto a3.Njirimara ụlọ ọrụ nke intermediates ọgwụ, ụlọ ọrụ na-achọ ngwa ngwa nke njikarịcha na nkwalite: ọkwa teknụzụ China n'ozuzu ka dị obere, yana enwere ụlọ ọrụ ole na ole na-emepụta ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke intermediates ọgwụ na-akwado ma na-akwado intermediates maka ọgwụ ọhụrụ patented, nke dị na mmepe. ogbo nke ngwaahịa Ọdịdị njikarịcha na upgrading.Only ụfọdụ ụlọ ọrụ na ike nnyocha na mmepe ike, elu mmepụta ụlọ ọrụ na nnukwu-ọnụ ọgụgụ mmepụta ahụmahụ nwere ike nweta elu uru na asọmpi.Stable azụmahịa ọnụ ọgụgụ: Large-ọnụ ọgụgụ emepụta ihu ọma na-ahaziri mmepụta dị ka isi ha isi. ụdị azụmahịa.N'okpuru ahaziri mmepụta nlereanya, nkwado mmekọrịta dị n'etiti isi ahịa na suppliers bụ dịtụ kwụsiri ike, na nso imekọ ihe ọnụ, na elu ogo nke ntụkwasị obi, na ndị ọzọ imekọ ihe ọnụ edemede nyere site isi ahịa ga-.Ọ na-ewe ogologo oge ịgbanwe. ndị na-ebubata ihe.Ya mere, dị ka azụmahịa na ike stickiness, ọgwụ intermediates ụlọ ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ tumadi na-elekwasị anya na-maara nke ọma mba ọzọ na-emepụta ọgwụ ụlọ ọrụ na ugbu a stage.Once ụlọ ọrụ banyere isi soplaya usoro nke ọgwụ Refeyim, ma mmepụta ọnụ ọgụgụ na nnukwu uru oke nọgidere na-enwe a. ziri ezi kwụsie ike state.Low-ọgwụgwụ mbupụ tumadi: isi mbupụ mpaghara nke ọgwụ intermediates na China bụ EU, North America, Middle East, Southeast Asia, etc.The mbupụ nke mba anyị tumadi lekwasị vitamin C, penicillin, acetaminophen, citric acid. na nnu ya na esters ya, dị ka ngwa ahịa, njirimara nke ngwaahịa bụ mmepụta ngwaahịa, ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe, asọmpi ahịa na-esiwanye ike, ọnụahịa ngwaahịa na ọnụ ahịa agbakwunyere dị ala, mmepụta ihe dị ukwuu nke ha mere ka ụlọ ọgwụ na-emepụta ihe na-eme ka ụlọ ahịa na-emebiga ihe ókè. A ka na-ebubata ngwaahịa teknụzụ dị eluises bụ ukwuu n'ime onwe ụlọ ọrụ, mgbanwe ọrụ, ego ọnụ ọgụgụ bụ bụghị nnukwu, ihu ọma n'etiti nde iri ma ọ bụ iri abụọ yuan.Regional ịta: na mpaghara nkesa nke mmepụta ụlọ ọrụ bụ dịtụ lekwasị, gburugburu ọtụtụ isi na-emepụta ọgwụ ụlọ ọrụ, tumadi kesara na Taizhou, Zhejiang. na Jintan, Jiangsu dị ka etiti nke mpaghara.Zhejiang Huangyan, Taizhou, Nanjing Jintan, Shijiazhuang, Jinan (gụnyere Zibo), n'ebe ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ (Siping, Fushun) na mpaghara ndị ọzọ na mma ọnọdụ maka mmepe nke ọgwụ intermediates emebere karịsịa ngwa ngwa. Ngwa ngwa ngwa update: ngwaahịa bụ n'ozuzu na ahịa 3 ka 5 afọ mgbe e mesịrị, ya uru ọnụego ga-adaba nke ukwuu, nke na-amanye ụlọ ọrụ na-mgbe niile ịzụlite ọhụrụ ngwaahịa ma ọ bụ mgbe niile na-eme ka mmepụta usoro, iji nọgide na-enwe a elu mmepụta profit.Intensive asọmpi. : n'ihi na mmepụta uru nke intermediates ọgwụ dị elu karịa na of chemical ngwaahịa, na mmepụta usoro nke abụọ bụ isi otu, ọzọ na ndị ọzọ obere chemical ụlọ ọrụ na-esonyere mmepụta nke ọgwụ intermediates, na-eduga na-esiwanye ike ọgba aghara na ụlọ ọrụ.4.Ụdị nke intermediates na-emepụta ọgwụ, e nwere ọtụtụ ụdị nke ndị na-emepụta ọgwụ, gụnyere cephalosporin intermediates, amino acid protectant series, vitamin intermediates, quinolone intermediates, na ndị ọzọ na ụdị nke intermediates, dị ka ọgwụ disinfectant intermediates, antiepileptic ọgwụ intermediates, fluoropyridine intermediates, steroid intermediates. .Dị ka mpaghara ngwa ha si dị, enwere ike kewaa ha n'ime ndị na-ahụ maka ọgwụ nje na-agwọ ọrịa, ndị na-agwọ ọrịa na-agwọ ọrịa na-egbu egbu na ndị na-egbu egbu, ndị na-ahụ maka ọrịa obi na-agwọ ọrịa, ndị na-agwọ ọrịa cancer na ihe ndị ọzọ. na-emepụta ihe ọhụrụ, na-emepụta ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ dị mma na ụlọ ọrụ ọgwụ na-emepụta ọgwụ. E nwere ọtụtụ ụdị nke intermediates ọgwụ kpọmkwem. Dị ka imidazole, furan, phenolic intermediates, aromatic intermediates, pyrrole, pyridine, biochemical reagents, sulfur, nitrogen, hogige alogen, ogige heterocyclic, microcrystalline cellulose, starch, mannitol, lactose, dextrin, ethylene glycol, powdered sugar, inorganic salts, ethanol intermediates, stearic acid, amino acid na ethanol amine nnu, sylvite, sodium nnu na ndị ọzọ intermediates na ndị ọzọ. Foto a5.Patent CliffEbe ọ bụ na 2000, ahịa generics zuru ụwa ọnụ na-aga n'ihu na-eto ngwa ngwa karịa ahịa ọgwụ ọgwụ niile, na-eto ngwa ngwa karịa okpukpu abụọ karịa ọgwụ patent. A na-atụ anya na ahịa ọgwụ sitere na 2005 ruo 2013 ga-eru 14.7%. A na-atụ anya na ahịa ahịa ọgwụ ụwa ga-eto site na 10% ruo 14% n'ime afọ ise na-esote, ngwa ngwa karịa 4% ruo 6% a tụrụ anya na-eto maka ụlọ ọrụ ọgwụ niile. Enwere ike ikwu na mmepe nke ahịa ọgwụ jeneriki ga-akwalite mmepe nke ụlọ ọrụ etiti ọgwụ. Site na 2010 ruo 2020, ahịa ọgwụ zuru ụwa ọnụ ga-ebute oke oke mmiri nke ngafe patent, n'etiti ya, site na 2013 ruo 2020. ụdị njedebe nke patent zuru ụwa ọnụ ga-abụ nkezi karịa 200 kwa afọ, nke a maara dị ka "Patent Cliff" na ụwa. Na 2014, a ga-enwe ọnụ ọgụgụ kasị elu nke njedebe ọgwụ patent, nke a ga-enwe p.eak na 2014, yana ngụkọta nke ọgwụ patent 326 na-agwụ.2010 na 2017 bụ afọ abụọ kachasị elu, yana ọgwụ patent 205 na 242 na-agwụ n'otu n'otu.Ọgwụ kubie ume bụ tumadi mgbochi ọrịa, endocrine, ụjọ usoro na obi ọgwụ, na nnukwu ahịa size.The nnukwu ọnụ ọgụgụ ngafe nke mba ọzọ patented ọgwụ ga-eme ka ọhụrụ catalysts na-emepụta ọgwụ intermediates ụlọ ọrụ na China.N'ihi na mgbe ngafe nke patent. ọgwụ, mmepụta nke ọgwụ jeneriki metụtara ga-agbawa, nke ga-eme ka mmụba ngwa ngwa nke ọchịchọ maka ndị na-ahụ maka ọgwụ ndị metụtara ya. Foto ahụ6.Environmental pressureChina abụrụla nnukwu onye na-ebupụ API intermediates, yana nnukwu mmetọ. ụlọ ọrụ na-emepụta ọgwụ ụlọ bụ ihe na-erughị pasent 3 nke GDP nke mba ahụ, ma ngụkọta ego nke mmetọ mmetọ na-erute pasent 6. N'ime ụdị ọgwụ ọ bụla, API na-anọchi anya vitamin na penicillin bụ nke ụlọ ọrụ nke mmetọ dị elu na oriri ike dị elu, nke na-emerụ ikuku na mmiri nke ọma karịsịa. N'ikwekọ na ntinye nke otu nke Ministry of Environmental Protection, na February 15, 2017, ndị ọrụ nyocha pụrụ iche maka àgwà ikuku na nkeji mbụ nke 2017 kwupụtara na nrụgide nrụgide na Shijiazhuang abụghị n'ebe ahụ, na ọchịchị-ọkwa ọchịchị ka na-adabere na gburugburu ebe obibil Protection Bureau pesonel na mmejuputa iwu nke oké mmetọ weather mberede atụmatụ, mgbe ndị ọzọ ngalaba na-adịghị etinye aka na a elu degree.The mmetọ nke obere na ọkara-sized ụlọ ọrụ na-emepụta ọgwụ intermediates na Shijiazhuang bụ serious.Pharmaceutical ụlọ ọrụ na azụ technology ga-ebu. ọnụ ahịa nchịkwa mmetọ dị elu na nrụgide usoro iwu, na ụlọ ọrụ ọgwụ ọdịnala na-emepụtakarị mmetọ dị elu, oriri ike dị elu na ngwaahịa agbakwunyere dị ala (dị ka penicillin, vitamin, wdg) ga-eche ihu ngwa ngwa elimination. aghọwo ọdịnihu mmepe ntụziaka nke ọgwụ intermediates ụlọ ọrụ. Foto a
7. Ndị isi ụlọ ọrụ
ụlọ ọrụ mit-ivy
Ụlọ ọrụ Zhejiang NHU Ltd. Plo Co., Ltd
Lianhe Chemical Technology Co., Ltd.Anhui Bayi Chemical Co. LtdZhejiang Huahai Pharmaceutical Co. LtdZhejiang Hisoar Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.Jiangsu Jiujiu Technology Co., LtdFederal pharmaceutical (chengdu) co., LTDZhejiang Yongtai Technology Co., Ltd. Ụgwọ nke ụlọ ọrụ Specialty Chemicals Co., Ltd.